{"id":56761,"date":"2023-04-26T02:02:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T07:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-a-sonicator-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:49","slug":"how-does-a-sonicator-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-a-sonicator-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Sonic\u00e1tory: Princip funkce a aplikace v praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sonic\u00e1tory jsou p\u0159\u00edstroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ultrazvuk k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, nej\u010dast\u011bji k sonikaci, tedy k rozb\u00edjen\u00ed bun\u011bk, dispergov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.  Funk\u010dn\u00ed princip je zalo\u017een na kavitaci, jevu vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmu v kapalin\u011b vystaven\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip kavitace<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 sonik\u00e1tor generuje, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v kapalin\u011b st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 cykly vysok\u00e9ho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku. B\u011bhem f\u00e1ze n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku se v kapalin\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mal\u00e9 bubliny (kavita\u010dn\u00ed bubliny).  Tyto bubliny rostou b\u011bhem f\u00e1ze n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku, a\u017e dos\u00e1hnou kritick\u00e9 velikosti.  V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1zi vysok\u00e9ho tlaku se bubliny prudce zhrout\u00ed, co\u017e vede k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed energie ve form\u011b r\u00e1zov\u00e9 vlny.  Tento kolaps bublin, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako imploze, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm mechanismem sonikace.  Intenzita kavitace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na frekvenci a amplitud\u011b ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, stejn\u011b jako na vlastnostech kapaliny (viskozita, povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed).<\/p>\n<h3>Typy sonik\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f sonik\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobem p\u0159enosu energie do kapaliny. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Sonik\u00e1tory s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem (sonotrody):<\/strong>  Tyto sonik\u00e1tory maj\u00ed sonotrodu (kovovou sondu), kter\u00e1 je pono\u0159ena p\u0159\u00edmo do kapaliny.  Vibrace sonotrody generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed kavitaci.  Tento typ sonik\u00e1tor\u016f je vhodn\u00fd pro men\u0161\u00ed objemy kapaliny a umo\u017e\u0148uje dosa\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00e9 intenzity sonikace.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Sonik\u00e1tory s nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem (koupelov\u00e9):<\/strong>  U t\u011bchto sonik\u00e1tor\u016f je ultrazvuk generov\u00e1n v n\u00e1dob\u011b, do kter\u00e9 je vzorek um\u00edst\u011bn.  Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed kapalinou bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s gener\u00e1torem.  Tento typ sonik\u00e1tor\u016f je vhodn\u00fd pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objemy kapaliny, ale intenzita sonikace je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u sonik\u00e1tor\u016f s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sonik\u00e1toru<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 intenzita sonikace, p\u0159esn\u00e1 kontrola<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed objemy, mo\u017enost po\u0161kozen\u00ed vzorku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\n<td>Vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objemy, men\u0161\u00ed riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed intenzita sonikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace sonik\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Sonic\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Biologie a biochemie:<\/strong> Rozbit\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn pro extrakci DNA, RNA a protein\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemie:<\/strong> Dispergov\u00e1n\u00ed nano\u010d\u00e1stic, p\u0159\u00edprava emulz\u00ed a suspenz\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medic\u00edna:<\/strong> \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sterilizace n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed:<\/strong> Homogenizace potravin, extrakce aromatick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost sonikace<\/h3>\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnost sonikace je ovlivn\u011bna n\u011bkolika faktory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frekvence a amplituda ultrazvuku:<\/strong> Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence a amplituda vedou k intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kavitaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vlastnosti kapaliny:<\/strong> Viskozita, povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a teplota ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vznik a kolaps kavitacn\u00edch bublin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Doba sonikace:<\/strong> Dlouhodob\u00e1 sonikace m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, jako je zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed kapaliny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intenzita sonikace:<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 intenzita m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k po\u0161kozen\u00ed vzorku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee sonik\u00e1tory jsou v\u0161estrann\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed.  Pochopen\u00ed principu kavitace a faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinnost sonikace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br typu sonik\u00e1toru a optimalizace parametr\u016f sonikace jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sonic\u00e1tory jsou p\u0159\u00edstroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ultrazvuk k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, nej\u010dast\u011bji k sonikaci, tedy k rozb\u00edjen\u00ed bun\u011bk, dispergov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Funk\u010dn\u00ed princip je zalo\u017een na kavitaci, jevu vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmu v kapalin\u011b vystaven\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m. Princip kavitace Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 sonik\u00e1tor generuje, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v kapalin\u011b st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 cykly vysok\u00e9ho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku. B\u011bhem f\u00e1ze n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku se v<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56761\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}