{"id":56766,"date":"2023-04-26T01:32:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezoelectric-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:17","slug":"what-is-piezoelectric-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezoelectric-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d: princip a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Jeho princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v unik\u00e1tn\u00edch vlastnostech n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed generov\u00e1n\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje a obr\u00e1cen\u011b \u2013 p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar.  Tato vlastnost, zvan\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha technick\u00fdch oborech.<\/p>\n<p>Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn, nebo syntetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titani\u010ditan (PZT).  Kdy\u017e je takov\u00fd krystal mechanicky stla\u010den nebo nata\u017een, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k posunut\u00ed iont\u016f v jeho krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece, co\u017e vede k akumulaci elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na jeho povrchu.  Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se krystal deformuje.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje nebo velikost deformace je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti aplikovan\u00e9 s\u00edly nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de se d\u011bl\u00ed na n\u011bkolik typ\u016f podle jejich konstrukce a pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u011bni\u010de s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm piezoelektrick\u00fdm efektem:<\/strong> Tyto m\u011bni\u010de generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed a vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011bni\u010de s nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm piezoelektrick\u00fdm efektem (ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny):<\/strong>  Tyto m\u011bni\u010de m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar v reakci na aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v aktu\u00e1torech, ultrazvukov\u00fdch gener\u00e1torech a  vysokop\u0159esn\u00fdch polohovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ m\u011bni\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Princip<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt<\/td>\n<td>Generace nap\u011bt\u00ed z mechanick\u00e9 deformace<\/td>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, vibrac\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt<\/td>\n<td>Deformace v reakci na elektrick\u00e9 pole<\/td>\n<td>Aktu\u00e1tory, ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Materi\u00e1ly pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech, jako je citlivost, frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah a mechanick\u00e1 pevnost.  Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u0159emen (SiO\u2082):<\/strong> Vysok\u00e1 stabilita a p\u0159esnost, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e1 citlivost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083):<\/strong> Vysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 citlivost, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mechanick\u00e1 pevnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titani\u010ditan (PZT):<\/strong>  Velmi vysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 citlivost a mechanick\u00e1 pevnost, \u0161irok\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsahy.  \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v ultrazvukov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e1 technologie:<\/strong>  V l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), pr\u016fmyslu (ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad gener\u00e1tory ultrazvuku pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed PZT m\u011bni\u010de.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v oblasti vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty nab\u00edzen\u00e9 firmou Beijing Ultrasonic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, vibrac\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktu\u00e1tory:<\/strong>  Precizn\u00ed polohovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, inkoustov\u00e9 tisk\u00e1rny, mikro-manipul\u00e1tory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong>  V b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch plynov\u00fdch zapalova\u010d\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly pro generaci jiskry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty v mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00edch. Jejich schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou a elektrickou energii s vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed a p\u0159esnost\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro budouc\u00ed inovace.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v oblasti nov\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed jejich vlastnost\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Jeho princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v unik\u00e1tn\u00edch vlastnostech n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed generov\u00e1n\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje a obr\u00e1cen\u011b \u2013 p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar. Tato vlastnost, zvan\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha technick\u00fdch oborech. Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}