{"id":56776,"date":"2023-04-26T01:27:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-fog-and-mist\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:30","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-fog-and-mist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-the-difference-between-fog-and-mist\/","title":{"rendered":"Mlha vs. ml\u017een\u00ed: Jak\u00fd je mezi nimi rozd\u00edl?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mlha a opar: Jemn\u00e1 hranice mezi viditelnost\u00ed<\/p>\n

Mlha a opar jsou dva meteorologick\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ujeme. Oba sni\u017euj\u00ed viditelnost, ale li\u0161\u00ed se v hustot\u011b a rozloze vodn\u00edch kapi\u010dek ve vzduchu. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro bezpe\u010dnost v doprav\u011b a pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na tyto rozd\u00edly.<\/p>\n

Viditelnost: Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi mlhou a oparem<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi mlhou a oparem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve viditelnosti. Mlha sni\u017euje horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed viditelnost na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 kilometr. Opar, na druhou stranu, sni\u017euje viditelnost na v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 kilometr, ale m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 kilometr\u016f. Tato hranice je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro klasifikaci t\u011bchto jev\u016f a je definov\u00e1na Sv\u011btovou meteorologickou organizac\u00ed (WMO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Jev<\/th>\nViditelnost (km)<\/th>\nHustota vodn\u00edch kapi\u010dek<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Mlha<\/td>\n< 1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Opar<\/td>\n1 – 10<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jasno<\/td>\n> 10<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vznik mlhy a oparu: Podobnosti a rozd\u00edly<\/p>\n

Oba jevy vznikaj\u00ed kondenzac\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry ve vzduchu. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e se vzduch ochlad\u00ed na rosn\u00fd bod, co\u017e je teplota, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra za\u010dne sr\u00e1\u017eet do drobn\u00fdch kapi\u010dek. Rozd\u00edl je v rychlosti a intenzit\u011b tohoto procesu. Mlha se tvo\u0159\u00ed rychleji a s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry, zat\u00edmco opar se tvo\u0159\u00ed pomaleji a s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed. Geografick\u00e9 faktory, jako je bl\u00edzkost vodn\u00edch ploch nebo vegetace, rovn\u011b\u017e hraj\u00ed roli v jejich vzniku.<\/p>\n

Vliv na dopravu a lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e1 viditelnost zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 mlhou p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 riziko pro dopravu, a to jak leteckou, tak pozemn\u00ed. Opar m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed vliv na dopravu, ale m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le zhor\u0161it j\u00edzdn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a sn\u00ed\u017eit bezpe\u010dnost. Oba jevy mohou tak\u00e9 ovlivnit zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na jedinc\u016f s respira\u010dn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. V hust\u00e9 mlze m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku na d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a detekce mlhy a oparu<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed viditelnosti se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, jako jsou transmissometry, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btla proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho atmosf\u00e9rou. Dal\u0161\u00ed metody zahrnuj\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed odhad horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed viditelnosti. Pro detekci mlhy a oparu se tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 radary a satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky. P\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edl mezi mlhou a oparem je sice v podstat\u011b ot\u00e1zkou stupn\u011b viditelnosti, ale toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed je pro bezpe\u010dnost a p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed mechanism\u016f jejich vzniku a vlivu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 aktivity je nezbytn\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik a ochranu zdrav\u00ed obyvatelstva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mlha a opar: Jemn\u00e1 hranice mezi viditelnost\u00ed Mlha a opar jsou dva meteorologick\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ujeme. Oba sni\u017euj\u00ed viditelnost, ale li\u0161\u00ed se v hustot\u011b a rozloze vodn\u00edch kapi\u010dek ve vzduchu. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro bezpe\u010dnost v doprav\u011b a pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na tyto rozd\u00edly. Viditelnost: Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56776\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}