Piezoelekt\u0159ina je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd spojuje mechanickou energii s energi\u00ed elektrickou. Jedn\u00e1 se o schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak nebo deformaci, a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar v reakci na aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole. Tento jev nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/p>\n
Objev piezoelekt\u0159iny se datuje do roku 1880, kdy Pierre a Jacques Curie objevili tento jev u krystal\u016f k\u0159emene. Experiment\u00e1ln\u011b prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee stla\u010den\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho krystalu vede k vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na jeho povrchu. Tento objev byl revolu\u010dn\u00ed a otev\u0159el cestu k mnoha inovac\u00edm v oblasti elektroniky a senzoriky. Pozd\u011bji bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt vykazuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad turmal\u00edn, titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p-ZT (olov\u011bn\u010dit\u00fd zirkon\u00e1t titan\u00e1t), kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje vysokou piezoelektrickou konstantou.<\/p>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt se d\u011bl\u00ed na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy: direktn\u00ed a inverzn\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Direktn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt:<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 se o generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v d\u016fsledku mechanick\u00e9 deformace materi\u00e1lu. Tlak, tah, ohyb nebo smyk krystalu zp\u016fsob\u00ed vznik elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9 deformace.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt:<\/strong> Tento efekt popisuje deformaci piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v reakci na aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole. P\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se krystal fyzicky deformuje, a to bu\u010f rozta\u017een\u00edm, nebo stla\u010den\u00edm. Velikost deformace je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 intenzit\u011b aplikovan\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada materi\u00e1l\u016f s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed krystaly, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou syntetick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Volba materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifick\u00e9 aplikaci a po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad velikost piezoelektrick\u00e9 konstanty, mechanick\u00e1 pevnost a teplotn\u00ed stabilita.<\/p>\n Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n Senzory:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly, akustick\u00fdch vln a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din. Jsou hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, letectv\u00ed a medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny:<\/strong> Inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pohybu v mikroskopick\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. To se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mikroskopii, optice a precizn\u00edm polohov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d\u016f. Tyto technologie se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), pr\u016fmyslu (ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt specializovan\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, jejich\u017e vlastnosti jsou optimalizov\u00e1ny pro dan\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsahy. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong> Jedna z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed piezoelekt\u0159iny.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Piezoelekt\u0159ina p\u0159edstavuje fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a st\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed oblast fyziky a materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy. Jej\u00ed schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha technologi\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v t\u00e9to oblasti slibuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed inovace a zlep\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako objeven\u00ed nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto unik\u00e1tn\u00edho jevu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Piezoelekt\u0159ina je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd spojuje mechanickou energii s energi\u00ed elektrickou. Jedn\u00e1 se o schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak nebo deformaci, a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar v reakci na aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole. Tento jev nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1247,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56791"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56791\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n\n
\n \nTyp efektu<\/th>\n Popis<\/th>\n Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Direktn\u00ed<\/td>\n Generov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1boje z mechanick\u00e9 deformace<\/td>\n Senzory tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Inverzn\u00ed<\/td>\n Deformace z aplikovan\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole<\/td>\n Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory, ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Materi\u00e1ly s Piezoelektrick\u00fdmi Vlastnostmi<\/h3>\n
Aplikace Piezoelekt\u0159iny<\/h3>\n
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Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n