{"id":56796,"date":"2023-04-26T01:25:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-transducer-in-audio\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:52","slug":"what-is-a-transducer-in-audio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-transducer-in-audio\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159evodn\u00edky v audiu: podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod a vysv\u011btlen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk v audiotechnice je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje interakci mezi akustick\u00fdm sv\u011btem a elektrick\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem.  Bez n\u011bj by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vat, reprodukovat ani zpracov\u00e1vat zvuk.  Jeho funkce je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro celou oblast audio techniky, od mikrofon\u016f po reproduktory.  Pochopen\u00ed principu jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je proto nezbytn\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o zvuk.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy audio p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Audio p\u0159evodn\u00edky se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed skupiny: mikrofony (p\u0159evodn\u00edky akustick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou) a reproduktory (p\u0159evodn\u00edky elektrick\u00e9 energie na akustickou).  Existuj\u00ed ale i dal\u0161\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm v audio \u0159et\u011bzci.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ p\u0159evodn\u00edku<\/th>\n<th>Vstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mikrofon<\/td>\n<td>Akustick\u00fd tlak<\/td>\n<td>Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/td>\n<td>Nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku, \u017eiv\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reproduktor<\/td>\n<td>Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/td>\n<td>Akustick\u00fd tlak<\/td>\n<td>Reprodukce zvuku, ozvu\u010den\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Mechanick\u00e1 vibrace<\/td>\n<td>Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/td>\n<td>Kytarov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de, sn\u00edma\u010de n\u00e1raz\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Magnetodynamick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Magnetick\u00e9 pole<\/td>\n<td>Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/td>\n<td>Magnetofonov\u00e9 hlavy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mikrofon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Mikrofony p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed zvukov\u00e9 vlny na elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.  Tento proces se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu mikrofonu.  Kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 mikrofony vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kapacitu mezi membr\u00e1nou a pevnou elektrodou, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bn\u00ed s tlakem zvukov\u00fdch vln.  Dynamick\u00e9 mikrofony vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed princip elektromagnetick\u00e9 indukce \u2013 pohyb c\u00edvky v magnetick\u00e9m poli generuje elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Stuhav\u00e9 mikrofony vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kmitaj\u00edc\u00ed hlin\u00edkovou stuhu v magnetick\u00e9m poli.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed reproduktor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Reproduktory pracuj\u00ed na opa\u010dn\u00e9m principu ne\u017e mikrofony.  Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l je p\u0159iveden do c\u00edvky, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v magnetick\u00e9m poli.  Proud proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed c\u00edvkou generuje magnetick\u00e9 pole, kter\u00e9 interaguje s permanentn\u00edm magnetem a zp\u016fsobuje pohyb c\u00edvky a p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny.  Vibrace membr\u00e1ny vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zvukov\u00e9 vlny.<\/p>\n<h3>Parametry audio p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Kvalita audio p\u0159evodn\u00edku je d\u00e1na n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi parametry. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<th>D\u016fle\u017eitost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<td>Rozsah frekvenc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edk dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u011brn\u011b reprodukovat<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00fd rozsah pro v\u011brn\u00fd zvuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Pom\u011br v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu k vstupn\u00edmu sign\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost pro slab\u0161\u00ed zdroje zvuku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Impedancia<\/td>\n<td>Elektrick\u00fd odpor p\u0159evodn\u00edku<\/td>\n<td>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sm\u011brovost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost p\u0159evodn\u00edku na zvuk p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu nahr\u00e1vky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)<\/td>\n<td>Pod\u00edl harmonick\u00fdch zkreslen\u00ed v sign\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota pro \u010dist\u0161\u00ed zvuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace audio p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Audio p\u0159evodn\u00edky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1bavy a profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a pr\u016fmysl.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de (nap\u0159. od spole\u010dnosti Beijing Ultrasonic) k diagnostick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.  V pr\u016fmyslu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed a akustick\u00e9 emisi.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee audio p\u0159evodn\u00edky jsou nepostradateln\u00e9 komponenty v audio technice.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch parametr\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality zvuku.  R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed v jejich konstrukci a charakteristik\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk v audiotechnice je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje interakci mezi akustick\u00fdm sv\u011btem a elektrick\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. Bez n\u011bj by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vat, reprodukovat ani zpracov\u00e1vat zvuk. Jeho funkce je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro celou oblast audio techniky, od mikrofon\u016f po reproduktory. Pochopen\u00ed principu jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je proto nezbytn\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o zvuk. Druhy audio p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56796"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56796\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}