{"id":56806,"date":"2023-04-26T01:25:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-an-electrical-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:57","slug":"what-is-an-electrical-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-an-electrical-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: Principy, druhy a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, neboli transduktor, je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed energii z jednoho druhu na druh\u00fd.  V kontextu elektrotechniky se jedn\u00e1 o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed neelektrickou veli\u010dinu na veli\u010dinu elektrickou, a naopak.  Tyto veli\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u2013 tlak, teplota, sv\u011btlo, s\u00edla, posunut\u00ed, zvuk, a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.  V\u00fdznam elektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je obrovsk\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od automatizace a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e po medic\u00ednu a automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.  Bez nich by mnoho modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy elektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de se d\u011bl\u00ed do mnoha kategori\u00ed podle m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny a principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de odporu:<\/strong>  Zm\u011bna odporu v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010din\u011b (nap\u0159. odporov\u00e9 teplom\u011bry (RTD), potenciometry).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de induk\u010dnosti:<\/strong> Zm\u011bna induk\u010dnosti c\u00edvky v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010din\u011b (nap\u0159. sn\u00edma\u010de polohy).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de kapacity:<\/strong> Zm\u011bna kapacity kondenz\u00e1toru v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010din\u011b (nap\u0159. sn\u00edma\u010de \u00farovn\u011b kapaliny).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong> Generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fotoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong> P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed sv\u011btelnou energii na elektrickou (nap\u0159. fotodiody, fototranzistory).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zvukov\u00e9 vlny o vysok\u00e9 frekvenci na elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a naopak.  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, od m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti a\u017e po detekci objekt\u016f.  V oblasti ultrazvukov\u00e9 techniky je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a spolehlivost, a proto se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed komponenty od renomovan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de pracuj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu.  Piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emen, generuje elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a naopak.  V ultrazvukov\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010di se tento jev vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f na ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny a naopak.  Sn\u00edma\u010d vys\u00edl\u00e1 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed od objekt\u016f v jeho okol\u00ed.  \u010cas pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k n\u00e1vratu odra\u017een\u00fdch vln se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu vzd\u00e1lenosti k objektu.  Intenzita odra\u017een\u00fdch vln pak poskytuje informaci o vlastnostech objektu.<\/p>\n<p>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f elektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>M\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 veli\u010dina<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Odporov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Teplota, poloha<\/td>\n<td>Jednoduch\u00e1 konstrukce, n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, citlivost na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Induk\u010dn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Poloha, rychlost<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, odolnost<\/td>\n<td>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>\u00darove\u0148 kapaliny, vzd\u00e1lenost<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost, bezkontaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Tlak, zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost, rychl\u00e1 odezva<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159ehk\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fotoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Sv\u011btlo<\/td>\n<td>Bezkontaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 rychlost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na sv\u011btlo, vysok\u00e1 cena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Vzd\u00e1lenost, rychlost<\/td>\n<td>Bezkontaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, vysok\u00fd dosah<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed a jejich v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch aplikace.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br sn\u00edma\u010de zaru\u010duje p\u0159esn\u00e1 a spolehliv\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha syst\u00e9m\u016f.  V oblasti ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 volit kvalitn\u00ed komponenty s ohledem na po\u017eadovanou p\u0159esnost a \u017eivotnost.  Pou\u017eit\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00edch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad od spole\u010dnosti Beijing Ultrasonic (pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nutnosti zm\u00ednky), m\u016f\u017ee zajistit spolehliv\u00e9 a p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a oblastmi pou\u017eit\u00ed.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt neelektrick\u00e9 veli\u010diny na sign\u00e1ly zpracovateln\u00e9 elektronick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v automatizaci, monitoringu a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch proces\u016f.  V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti a p\u0159esnost t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, neboli transduktor, je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed energii z jednoho druhu na druh\u00fd. V kontextu elektrotechniky se jedn\u00e1 o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed neelektrickou veli\u010dinu na veli\u010dinu elektrickou, a naopak. Tyto veli\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u2013 tlak, teplota, sv\u011btlo, s\u00edla, posunut\u00ed, zvuk, a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. V\u00fdznam elektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je obrovsk\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od automatizace<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56806\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}