{"id":56816,"date":"2023-04-25T16:51:42","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-are-piezoelectric-actuators\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:15:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:15:55","slug":"what-are-piezoelectric-actuators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-are-piezoelectric-actuators\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch a\u017e po siln\u00e9 posuny v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Funguj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu, co\u017e je schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole (obr\u00e1cen\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt). Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento obr\u00e1cen\u00fd efekt je z\u00e1kladem funkce piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory<\/h3>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly pro v\u00fdrobu piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f jsou keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titan\u00e1t (PZT). PZT se vyzna\u010duje vysokou piezoelektrickou konstantou, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed deformaci p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery a kompozity, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti, i kdy\u017e s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed. Volba materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech aktu\u00e1toru, jako je rozsah pohybu, s\u00edla a frekvence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nPiezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b)<\/th>\nV\u00fdhody<\/th>\nNev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083)<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nRelativn\u011b levn\u00fd, snadno dostupn\u00fd<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161\u00ed mechanick\u00e1 pevnost, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed citlivost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titan\u00e1t (PZT)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, vysok\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/td>\nObsahuje olovo (ekologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nFlexibiln\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161\u00ed s\u00edla, men\u0161\u00ed rozsah pohybu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd aktu\u00e1tor se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, kter\u00fd je vystaven elektrick\u00e9mu poli. P\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b polarity a velikosti elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l roztahuje nebo smr\u0161\u0165uje. Tento pohyb je velmi mal\u00fd (\u0159\u00e1dov\u011b mikrometry), ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zna\u010dn\u011b zes\u00edlen pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed. Konstrukce aktu\u00e1toru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9m rozsahu pohybu a s\u00edly. Jednoduch\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory mohou sest\u00e1vat pouze z jednoho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, zat\u00edmco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kombinaci n\u011bkolika prvk\u016f a mechanick\u00fdch zesilova\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Existuje mnoho typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v konstrukci a zp\u016fsobu pou\u017eit\u00ed. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Aktu\u00e1tory s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pohonem:<\/strong> Jednoduch\u00e9 konstrukce, kde se piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek p\u0159\u00edmo pohybuje.<\/li>\n
  • Aktu\u00e1tory s p\u00e1kov\u00fdm mechanismem:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u00e1ky k zes\u00edlen\u00ed pohybu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku.<\/li>\n
  • Aktu\u00e1tory s multiplik\u00e1torem:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro multiplikaci pohybu, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah pohybu.<\/li>\n
  • Ultrazvukov\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory:<\/strong> Tyto aktu\u00e1tory pracuj\u00ed na vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch a generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny. V aplikac\u00edch s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a rychlost\u00ed se \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n

    Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Precizn\u00ed polohov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Mikroskopie, optick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, nanotechnologie.<\/li>\n
    • Aktut\u00e1tory v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu:<\/strong> Syst\u00e9my vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9 aplikace:<\/strong> Mikrochirurgie, ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/strong> Polohov\u00e1n\u00ed, regulace tlaku, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory jsou vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm unik\u00e1tn\u00edm vlastnostem a schopnosti generovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 pohyby v \u0161irok\u00e9m rozsahu frekvenc\u00ed a sil, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou technologii v mnoha oborech. Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f a konstrukc\u00ed slibuje je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch a\u017e po siln\u00e9 posuny v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Funguj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu, co\u017e je schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole (obr\u00e1cen\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56816\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}