{"id":56831,"date":"2023-04-25T16:49:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-are-ultrasonic-transducers\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:15:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:15:57","slug":"what-are-ultrasonic-transducers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-are-ultrasonic-transducers\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v mnoha technologi\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci.  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de, tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako ultrazvukov\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny) a naopak.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu funkce a r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra aplikac\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Princip funkce ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de pracuj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emen nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, m\u011bn\u00ed svou fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturu v z\u00e1vislosti na aplikovan\u00e9m elektrick\u00e9m poli.  Kdy\u017e se na piezoelektrick\u00fd element aplikuje elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, materi\u00e1l se deformuje a generuje ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Naopak, kdy\u017e ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny dopadaj\u00ed na piezoelektrick\u00fd element, generuje se v n\u011bm elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Tato obousm\u011brn\u00e1 konverze energie je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro jak vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, tak i p\u0159\u00edjem ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Frekvence generovan\u00fdch vln z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vlastnostech piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a jeho geometrii.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho typ\u016f ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v konstrukci, frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahu a aplikac\u00edch.  Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>20-1000<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladiny, detekce objekt\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>20-100000<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 automatizace, nedestruktivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Elektromagnetick\u00e9-akustick\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>1-1000<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Optick\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>1000-1000000<\/td>\n<td>Vysokop\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Konstrukce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/p>\n<p>Typick\u00e1 konstrukce piezoelektrick\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de zahrnuje piezoelektrick\u00fd element, kter\u00fd je integrov\u00e1n s akustick\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159enos a p\u0159\u00edjem ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Toto akustick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad kovov\u00e1 desti\u010dka nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed akustick\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro optimalizaci p\u0159enosu zvuku do prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  D\u00e1le je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de ochrann\u00e9 pouzdro, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd element p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy.  Pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace mohou b\u00fdt sn\u00edma\u010de d\u00e1le vybaveny zesilova\u010di, filtry a dal\u0161\u00edmi elektronick\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech.  V medic\u00edn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, v pr\u016fmyslu pro nedestruktivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, v automatizaci pro detekci objekt\u016f a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed.  Dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace zahrnuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladin kapalin, detekci \u00fanik\u016f plynu, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty v mnoha technologi\u00edch, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159esn\u00e9m a spolehliv\u00e9m p\u0159enosu a p\u0159\u00edjmu ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy a konstrukce sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a rozvoj technologi\u00ed.  Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a elektronice neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon a mo\u017enosti t\u011bchto senzor\u016f, otev\u00edraj\u00edc cestu k nov\u00fdm a inovativn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v mnoha technologi\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci. Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de, tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako ultrazvukov\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny) a naopak. Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu funkce a r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra aplikac\u00ed, ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}