{"id":56886,"date":"2023-04-25T16:43:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-does-a-piezo-do\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:18","slug":"what-does-a-piezo-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-does-a-piezo-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezokrystaly: Funkce, Pou\u017eit\u00ed a Princip"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, a tedy i samotn\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky (pieza), je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast\u00ed fyziky s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm uplatn\u011bn\u00edm v mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch.  Jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis funkce a vlastnost\u00ed piez prvk\u016f a jejich aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn, nebo syntetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jako nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titan\u00e1t (PZT), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci (tlaku, tahu, smyku) a naopak se deformovat p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Tento jev je reverzibiln\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00fd materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee fungovat jako senzor i jako aktu\u00e1tor.  V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b senzoru se mechanick\u00e1 s\u00edla p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l, zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b aktu\u00e1toru se elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na mechanick\u00fd pohyb.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, respektive velikost deformace, je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly, resp. nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a jejich vlastnosti<\/p>\n<p>Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.  V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifick\u00e9 aplikaci.  N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (d33) [pC\/N]<\/th>\n<th>Mechanick\u00e1 pevnost<\/th>\n<th>Teplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/th>\n<th>Cena<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BaTiO\u2083<\/td>\n<td>1000-2000<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>1000-10000<\/td>\n<td>200-700<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Senzory:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly, ultrazvuku (nap\u0159. v ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010disti\u010dk\u00e1ch).  V oblasti ultrazvuku hraj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  P\u0159\u00edkladem je vyu\u017eit\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b pro diagnostiku a terapii, ale tak\u00e9 v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jako je kontrola kvality materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktu\u00e1tory:<\/strong> P\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed,  generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku (nap\u0159. v ultrazvukov\u00fdch sva\u0159ov\u00e1c\u00edch).  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 rychl\u00e9 odezv\u011b a p\u0159esnosti se piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mikro- a nanotechnologi\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong> Generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reproduktory a mikrofony:<\/strong> P\u0159em\u011bna elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na zvukov\u00e9 vlny a naopak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a citlivost<\/li>\n<li>Rychl\u00e1 odezva<\/li>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n<li>Robustnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Omezen\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 pevnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost<\/li>\n<li>Neline\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika u n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd technologick\u00fd prvek s neust\u00e1le se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi aplikace.  Jeho unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et inovativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, a tedy i samotn\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky (pieza), je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast\u00ed fyziky s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm uplatn\u011bn\u00edm v mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch. Jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis funkce a vlastnost\u00ed piez prvk\u016f a jejich aplikac\u00ed. Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23758,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}