{"id":56901,"date":"2023-04-25T16:41:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-does-a-transducer-measure\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:19","slug":"what-does-a-transducer-measure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-does-a-transducer-measure\/","title":{"rendered":"Co m\u011b\u0159\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d? Druhy a principy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010dinu a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed ji na jin\u00fd, obvykle elektrick\u00fd, sign\u00e1l.  Tento proces umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu veli\u010din, kter\u00e9 by jinak nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo zaznamenat nebo kvantifikovat.  Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din je \u0161irok\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu p\u0159evodn\u00edku.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, co p\u0159esn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f m\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanick\u00e9 veli\u010diny<\/p>\n<p>Mechanick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky m\u011b\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 parametry souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s pohybem a silou. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tlak:<\/strong>  P\u0159evodn\u00edky tlaku, jako jsou piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nebo tenzometrick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed tlak plyn\u016f nebo kapalin. Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konstrukci a aplikaci.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u011b\u0159it extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 tlaky, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vysokotlak\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Zrychlen\u00ed\/Vibrace:<\/strong> Akcelerometry m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u00fazce spjato s vibracemi.  Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v seismologii, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vibrac\u00ed stroj\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch.  Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy akcelerometr\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad piezoelektrick\u00e9, kapacitn\u00ed a MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u00edla:<\/strong>  Senzory s\u00edly, \u010dasto zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tenzometrick\u00fdch \u010didlech, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed s\u00edlu p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na objekt.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, v\u00e1h\u00e1ch, robotice a biomechanice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ p\u0159evodn\u00edku<\/th>\n<th>M\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 veli\u010dina<\/th>\n<th>Principy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Tlak, zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje pod tlakem\/deformac\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Senzory tlaku, akcelerometry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tenzometrick\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>S\u00edla, tlak, deformace<\/td>\n<td>Zm\u011bna odporu p\u0159i deformaci<\/td>\n<td>V\u00e1hy, senzory s\u00edly, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed struktur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Posunut\u00ed, vzd\u00e1lenost<\/td>\n<td>Zm\u011bna kapacity kondenz\u00e1toru<\/td>\n<td>Senzory polohy, mikrometry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Teplota<\/p>\n<p>Teplotn\u00ed senzory, neboli termistory a termo\u010dl\u00e1nky, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotu prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo objektu.  R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy senzor\u016f maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 rozsahy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159esnosti.  Termo\u010dl\u00e1nky jsou robustn\u00ed a vhodn\u00e9 pro vysok\u00e9 teploty, zat\u00edmco termistory poskytuj\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Sv\u011btlo<\/p>\n<p>Fotodiody a fototranzistory m\u011b\u0159\u00ed intenzitu sv\u011btla.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch optick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v fotometrech, senzorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed a v oblasti zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvuk<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, jako ty od spole\u010dnosti Beijing Ultrasonic, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost, rychlost a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry pomoc\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Princip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch pulz\u016f a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed doby n\u00e1vratu odra\u017een\u00fdch vln.  To umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky materi\u00e1l\u016f, detekci vad a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 veli\u010diny<\/p>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky m\u011b\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 parametry, jako je nap\u011bt\u00ed, proud, odpor a impedance.  Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky jsou z\u00e1kladem mnoha elektronick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159evodn\u00edky hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v mnoha oblastech v\u011bdy a techniky.  Jejich schopnost m\u011b\u0159it a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010diny na elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly umo\u017e\u0148uje detailn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch proces\u016f a syst\u00e9m\u016f.  R\u016fznorodost typ\u016f p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f a jejich \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la aplikac\u00ed dokazuje jejich nezastupitelnou \u00falohu v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010dinu a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed ji na jin\u00fd, obvykle elektrick\u00fd, sign\u00e1l. Tento proces umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu veli\u010din, kter\u00e9 by jinak nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo zaznamenat nebo kvantifikovat. Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din je \u0161irok\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu p\u0159evodn\u00edku. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, co p\u0159esn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f m\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Mechanick\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56901"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56901\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}