{"id":57041,"date":"2023-04-25T16:23:26","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezo-actuator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:42","slug":"what-is-a-piezo-actuator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezo-actuator\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory: princip a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanickou.  Tento proces, reverzibiln\u00ed v podstat\u011b, umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch a\u017e po relativn\u011b velk\u00e9 s\u00edly v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich potenci\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT &#8211; zirkon\u00e1t-titanan olovnat\u00fd) a n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery, generovat elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole (inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt).  Pr\u00e1v\u011b inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je z\u00e1kladem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f.  Aplikac\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se materi\u00e1l roztahuje nebo smr\u0161\u0165uje, \u010d\u00edm\u017e generuje p\u0159esn\u00fd a \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd pohyb.  Velikost tohoto pohybu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti aplikovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a vlastnostech pou\u017eit\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm designem a vlastnostmi. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 stohy:<\/strong> Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z tenk\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch disk\u016f spojen\u00fdch dohromady.  Poskytuj\u00ed vysokou s\u00edlu, ale mal\u00fd zdvih.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 trubky:<\/strong>  Maj\u00ed tvar trubky a nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zdvih ne\u017e stohy, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 bimorfy:<\/strong>  Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se ze dvou piezoelektrick\u00fdch vrstev slepen\u00fdch dohromady s opa\u010dnou polaritou.  Vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se velk\u00fdm zdvihem a relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou silou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory s multivrstv\u00fdm designem:<\/strong>  Tyto aktu\u00e1tory dosahuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edly a zdvihu d\u00edky kombinaci mnoha tenk\u00fdch vrstev.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Parametry piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho aktu\u00e1toru je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch parametr\u016f:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Jednotka<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 hodnoty<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Zdvih<\/td>\n<td>\u00b5m<\/td>\n<td>0,1 &#8211; 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00edla<\/td>\n<td>N<\/td>\n<td>1 &#8211; 1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rychlost<\/td>\n<td>mm\/s<\/td>\n<td>0,01 &#8211; 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekvence<\/td>\n<td>Hz<\/td>\n<td>1 &#8211; 100 kHz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>V<\/td>\n<td>10 &#8211; 1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hysterese<\/td>\n<td>%<\/td>\n<td>1 &#8211; 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Teplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/td>\n<td>\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>z\u00e1vis\u00ed na materi\u00e1lu a konstrukci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Precizn\u00ed polohov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Mikroskopie, optick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 technologie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akt\u00edvn\u00ed tlumen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed:<\/strong>  Stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Injek\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my:<\/strong> Tisk\u00e1rny, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie:<\/strong>  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010didel a syst\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 modely od Beijing Ultrasonic, se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, s\u00edly, zrychlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a opakovatelnost pohybu.<\/li>\n<li>Rychl\u00e1 odezva.<\/li>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry.<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Omezen\u00fd zdvih.<\/li>\n<li>Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost.<\/li>\n<li>Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 cena.<\/li>\n<li>Pot\u0159eba vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pokro\u010dilou technologii s velk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem.  D\u00edky sv\u00fdm unik\u00e1tn\u00edm vlastnostem nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech techniky a v\u011bdy, a jejich v\u00fdvoj pokra\u010duje rychl\u00fdm tempem.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich princip\u016f a vlastnost\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanickou. Tento proces, reverzibiln\u00ed v podstat\u011b, umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch a\u017e po relativn\u011b velk\u00e9 s\u00edly v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57041\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}