{"id":57046,"date":"2023-04-25T16:22:52","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezo-crystal\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:42","slug":"what-is-a-piezo-crystal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezo-crystal\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezokrystal: Vlastnosti, vyu\u017eit\u00ed a princip funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystal je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie. Jeho schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak je z\u00e1kladem jeho funk\u010dnosti a \u0161irok\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na vlastnosti, princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a aplikace piezokrystal\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Struktura a vlastnosti piezokrystal\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezokrystaly jsou materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Tento efekt spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v d\u016fsledku mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed krystalu (nap\u0159. tlak, tah, ohyb) a naopak, mechanick\u00e9 deformace krystalu pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Tato vlastnost je v\u00fdsledkem asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vznik dip\u00f3lov\u00fdch moment\u016f v reakci na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly.  Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi piezokrystaly jsou k\u0159emen (SiO\u2082), titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titani\u010dit\u00fd (PZT).  Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako je piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta a mechanick\u00e1 pevnost, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jejich vhodnost pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikace.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Chemick\u00fd vzorec<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta (pC\/N)<\/th>\n<th>Dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\n<th>Mechanick\u00e1 pevnost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>SiO\u2082<\/td>\n<td>~2<\/td>\n<td>4-7<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>BaTiO\u2083<\/td>\n<td>~190<\/td>\n<td>1000-2000<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titani\u010dit\u00fd (PZT)<\/td>\n<td>Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O\u2083<\/td>\n<td>~150-700<\/td>\n<td>1000-3000<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: p\u0159em\u011bna energie<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt m\u00e1 dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aspekty: p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd a inverzn\u00ed.  P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt popisuje generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci krystalu.  Inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt naopak popisuje mechanickou deformaci krystalu v d\u016fsledku p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje nebo velikost deformace je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti aplikovan\u00e9 s\u00edly nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Tato vlastnost umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezokrystal\u016f jako senzor\u016f i aktu\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace piezokrystal\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezokrystaly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e1 technika:<\/strong>  Generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekce ultrazvuku v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch senzorech a dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch.  V tomto sektoru hraj\u00ed piezokrystaly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli, nap\u0159\u00edklad v generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory:<\/strong>  M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pro svou vysokou citlivost a p\u0159esnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktu\u00e1tory:<\/strong>  P\u0159esn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed polohy v mikromechanick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, inkoustov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong>  Generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu v plynov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rezonav\u00e1tory:<\/strong>  Stabilizace frekvence v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n<p>Piezokrystaly p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00fdm piezoelektrick\u00fdm vlastnostem.  Schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako senzor\u016f i aktu\u00e1tor\u016f v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch oblastech.  Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezokrystal\u016f a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k nov\u00fdm inovac\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystal je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie. Jeho schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak je z\u00e1kladem jeho funk\u010dnosti a \u0161irok\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na vlastnosti, princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a aplikace piezokrystal\u016f. Struktura a vlastnosti piezokrystal\u016f Piezokrystaly jsou materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57046\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}