{"id":57056,"date":"2023-04-25T16:21:47","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezo-pickup\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:43","slug":"what-is-a-piezo-pickup","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezo-pickup\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezo sn\u00edma\u010d: princip, pou\u017eit\u00ed a typy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, \u010dasto zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako piezo sn\u00edma\u010d, je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, je zalo\u017een na vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci (tlaku, tahu, vibrac\u00edch) a naopak se deformuj\u00ed p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u017e po p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed techniky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159\u00edklad PZT \u2013 zirkonatan olovnat\u00fd titani\u010dit\u00fd) nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery.  V t\u011bchto materi\u00e1lech se dip\u00f3lov\u00e9 momenty atom\u016f uspo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed tak, \u017ee v nenapjat\u00e9m stavu se jejich elektrick\u00e9 pole navz\u00e1jem kompenzuje.  Aplikac\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 s\u00edly se v\u0161ak krystalov\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka deformuje, co\u017e vede k posunut\u00ed dip\u00f3l\u016f a vzniku makroskopick\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.  Velikost generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti aplikovan\u00e9 s\u00edly.  Naopak, aplikac\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole dojde k deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b rozm\u011br\u016f materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed tvarem, materi\u00e1lem a zp\u016fsobem pou\u017eit\u00ed.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch typ\u016f jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm efektem:<\/strong> Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z mechanick\u00e9 deformace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm efektem:<\/strong> Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bnu kapacity nebo induk\u010dnosti v z\u00e1vislosti na mechanick\u00e9 deformaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s vysokou citlivost\u00ed:<\/strong>  Navr\u017eeny pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed velmi mal\u00fdch vibrac\u00ed nebo sil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s vysokou frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvou:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm efektem<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159emen, PZT<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d s nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm efektem<\/td>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed, induk\u010dn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed posunut\u00ed, deformace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d s vysokou citlivost\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed keramika<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mikroskopick\u00fdch vibrac\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d s vysokou frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvou<\/td>\n<td>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed keramika<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ultrazvuku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru aplikac\u00ed, mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje:<\/strong>  Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v kytar\u00e1ch, baskytar\u00e1ch a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch pro p\u0159evod vibrac\u00ed strun na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku:<\/strong>  Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong>  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v akcelerometrech pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e1 technologie:<\/strong> Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kontrole a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech.  Generuj\u00ed a detekuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch struktur materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo t\u011bles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong>  Mal\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystalky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry v zapalova\u010d\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/li>\n<li>\u0160irok\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/li>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n<li>Robustn\u00ed konstrukce<\/li>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Citlivost na teplotu<\/li>\n<li>Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>Neline\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>N\u011bkdy k\u0159ehk\u00e1 konstrukce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00ed techniky,  jejich v\u0161estrannost a schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak jim umo\u017e\u0148uje nal\u00e9zt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru aplikac\u00ed.  Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a technologick\u00fdch procesech neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje jejich vlastnosti a roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, \u010dasto zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako piezo sn\u00edma\u010d, je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, je zalo\u017een na vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci (tlaku, tahu, vibrac\u00edch) a naopak se deformuj\u00ed p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26936,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57056"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57056\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}