{"id":57066,"date":"2023-04-25T16:20:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezo-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:44","slug":"what-is-a-piezo-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezo-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, \u010dasto zkracovan\u00fd na piezo sn\u00edma\u010d, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev \u2013 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Tento efekt popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (tlak, vibrace) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Tento dvojit\u00fd efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje piezo sn\u00edma\u010d\u016fm fungovat jak jako senzory, tak i jako aktory.  V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, aplikace a vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na asymetrick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky ur\u010dit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT \u2013 zirkonatan olovnato-titani\u010dit\u00fd) a n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery.  Kdy\u017e je na tyto materi\u00e1ly aplikov\u00e1n tlak, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, co\u017e vede k separaci n\u00e1boj\u016f a vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.  Naopak, kdy\u017e je na materi\u00e1l aplikov\u00e1no elektrick\u00e9 pole, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b rozm\u011br\u016f materi\u00e1lu.  Tato vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a elektrick\u00e9ho pole je z\u00e1kladem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezo sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezo sn\u00edma\u010de se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvarech a velikostech, aby vyhovovaly \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed.  Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly:<\/strong>  Jednoduch\u00e9 a robustn\u00ed senzory, \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 prvky:<\/strong>  Nab\u00edz\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost a robustnost ne\u017e krystaly, vhodn\u00e9 pro \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 filmy:<\/strong>  Tenk\u00e9 a flexibiln\u00ed, vhodn\u00e9 pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed a tlaku na obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd krystal<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 stabilita, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 citlivost<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00e1 keramika<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost, robustnost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na teplotu<\/td>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory, aktu\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd film<\/td>\n<td>Flexibilita, tenkost<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed citlivost ne\u017e keramika<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, tenk\u00fdch vrstev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku:<\/strong>  V senzorick\u00e9 technice, automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong>  V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (airbagy), seismologii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong>  V l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (ultrazvuk), pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kontrole (detekce vad).  V t\u00e9to oblasti se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 transduc\u00e9ry jako gener\u00e1tory a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akt\u00e1tory:<\/strong>  V inkoustov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory, mikro-manipul\u00e1tory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/li>\n<li>\u0160irok\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/li>\n<li>Robustnost a dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Citlivost na teplotu<\/li>\n<li>Neline\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f (zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch a zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou vysoce univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. Jejich schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak je \u010din\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi v mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00edch.  Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed a zlep\u0161uje jejich vlastnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, \u010dasto zkracovan\u00fd na piezo sn\u00edma\u010d, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev \u2013 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Tento efekt popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (tlak, vibrace) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Tento dvojit\u00fd efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje piezo sn\u00edma\u010d\u016fm fungovat jak jako senzory, tak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57066"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57066\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}