{"id":57076,"date":"2023-04-25T16:19:20","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-device\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:45","slug":"what-is-a-piezoelectric-device","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-device\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na princip jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn nebo syntetick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd, PZT), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci (p\u0159\u00edtlak, tah, vibrace). Tento efekt je reverzibiln\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se materi\u00e1l deformuje. Na atomov\u00e9 \u00farovni je tento jev zp\u016fsoben asymetrick\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1boj\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece materi\u00e1lu. Mechanick\u00e1 deformace posouv\u00e1 atomy z jejich rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch poloh, co\u017e vede k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho dip\u00f3lov\u00e9ho momentu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n

Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a uplatn\u011bn\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nVlastnosti<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K\u0159emen (SiO\u2082)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\nHodiny, frekven\u010dn\u00ed filtry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turmal\u00edn<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\nSenzory, akcelerometry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, vysok\u00e1 permitivita<\/td>\nAk\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, senzory, ultrazvukov\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PZT (olov\u011bn\u00fd zirkon\u00e1t titani\u010dit\u00fd)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la vlastnost\u00ed<\/td>\nUltrazvukov\u00e9 \u010didla, ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, mikroak\u010dn\u00ed technologie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru oblast\u00ed, od medic\u00edny p\u0159es elektroniku a\u017e po automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ultrazvukov\u00e1 diagnostika:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch k generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Vysok\u00e1 frekvence a p\u0159esnost t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje detailn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00fd krystal v zapalova\u010d\u00edch generuje jiskru p\u0159i stla\u010den\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e iniciuje spalov\u00e1n\u00ed plynu.<\/li>\n
  • Senzory:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n
  • Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 pohyby v mikroskopick\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v inkoustov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch nebo v optick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/li>\n
  • Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de k generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, kter\u00e9 efektivn\u011b \u010dist\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty odstran\u011bn\u00edm ne\u010distot. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, zejm\u00e9na pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 aplikace, se pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto vln pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/p>\n

    Piezoelektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, jako je vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, n\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie a dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost. Na druhou stranu maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, jako je citlivost na teplotu a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

    Piezoelektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. Jejich schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v mnoha oblastech modern\u00edho \u017eivota. Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s vylep\u0161en\u00fdmi vlastnostmi d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jejich mo\u017enosti a uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v budoucnu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Piezoelektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech modern\u00ed technologie. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na princip jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na schopnosti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57076"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57076\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}