{"id":57081,"date":"2023-04-25T16:18:47","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:46","slug":"what-is-a-piezoelectric-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou pomoc\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu. Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 bratry Curieov\u00fdmi, popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, jako je tlak, vibrace nebo n\u00e1raz.  Tento proces je vratn\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mohou tak\u00e9 m\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar v reakci na aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole (tzv. inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd jev).  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od miniaturn\u00edch senzor\u016f a\u017e po syst\u00e9my pro sklize\u0148 energie z okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed specifickou krystalovou strukturu s asymetrick\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1boje.  Kdy\u017e je na tento materi\u00e1l aplikov\u00e1na mechanick\u00e1 s\u00edla, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, co\u017e vede k p\u0159eskupen\u00ed n\u00e1boje a generaci elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.  Velikost generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na n\u011bkolika faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b typu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, velikosti a tvaru krystalu a intenzity mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.  \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je s\u00edla, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je generovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a aplikacemi.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen (SiO2)<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hystereze<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT (olov\u011bnit\u00fd zirkon\u00e1t titan\u00e1t)<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<td>Toxicita olova, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di teplot\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Barium titan\u00e1t (BaTiO3)<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mechanick\u00e1 pevnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ZnO (oxid zine\u010dnat\u00fd)<\/td>\n<td>Biokompatibiln\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sklize\u0148 energie:<\/strong>  Generov\u00e1n\u00ed energie z vibrac\u00ed, nap\u0159. v dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch, stroj\u00edch nebo lidsk\u00e9m pohybu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny:<\/strong>  P\u0159evod elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na mechanick\u00fd pohyb, nap\u0159. v inkoustov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch nebo ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.  V oblasti ultrazvuku nach\u00e1zej\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic, a to jak pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, tak i pro jejich detekci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9 aplikace:<\/strong>  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v kardiostimul\u00e1torech nebo implantovan\u00fdch senzorech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry a n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost.<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 spolehlivost a dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost.<\/li>\n<li>Schopnost generovat energii z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost integrace do r\u016fzn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost generov\u00e1n\u00ed energie (z\u00e1vis\u00ed na materi\u00e1lu a aplikaci).<\/li>\n<li>K\u0159ehkost n\u011bkter\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Cena n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vysok\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed slibnou technologii pro sklize\u0148 energie a senzorov\u00e9 aplikace.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vedou k neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u00fa\u010dinnosti a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich mo\u017enost\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.  V budoucnu lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto gener\u00e1tor\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou pomoc\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu. Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 bratry Curieov\u00fdmi, popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, jako je tlak, vibrace nebo n\u00e1raz. Tento proces je vratn\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mohou tak\u00e9 m\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57081"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57081\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}