{"id":57086,"date":"2023-04-25T16:18:23","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:48","slug":"what-is-a-piezoelectric-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-piezoelectric-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd senzor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho jevu zvan\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.  Tento efekt spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech.  V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, typy a aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt se projevuje v materi\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku, tahu, ohybu, smyku) generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se tyto materi\u00e1ly deformuj\u00ed.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prvn\u00edho principu \u2013 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na mechanick\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na senzor.  Tento vztah je pops\u00e1n piezoelektrickou konstantou, kter\u00e1 je specifick\u00e1 pro dan\u00fd materi\u00e1l.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi piezoelektrick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly jsou k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT \u2013 zirkon\u00e1t-titan\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd) a n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a aplikovan\u00e9 s\u00edly.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 typy zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Senzory tlaku:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159\u00ed tlak p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na jejich povrch.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch nebo v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed, a to jak line\u00e1rn\u00ed, tak i rota\u010dn\u00ed.  Najdou uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v automobilov\u00fdch airbagov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, v seismologii nebo v gyroskopech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory s\u00edly:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159\u00ed velikost a sm\u011br p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed sil v r\u016fzn\u00fdch mechanismech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory:<\/strong>  Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln. Tyto senzory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, detekci objekt\u016f a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ senzoru<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Senzor tlaku<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, krevn\u00ed tlak<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159emen, PZT keramika<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na teplotu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Senzor zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Airbagy, seismologie<\/td>\n<td>PZT keramika<\/td>\n<td>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Omezen\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Senzor s\u00edly<\/td>\n<td>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 automatizace<\/td>\n<td>PZT keramika, k\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>Robustn\u00ed konstrukce, vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, detekce objekt\u016f<\/td>\n<td>PZT keramika<\/td>\n<td>Bezkontaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 rychlost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na okoln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, detekce n\u00e1raz\u016f, aktivn\u00ed tlumi\u010de n\u00e1raz\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku, ultrazvukov\u00e1 diagnostika.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u016fmyslu:<\/strong> Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proces\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektronice:<\/strong> Gener\u00e1tory vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, filtry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdzkumu:<\/strong> Seismologie, akustika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou vysoce citliv\u00e1 a spolehliv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch.  Jejich princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fd na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k rozvoji technologi\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 univerz\u00e1lnosti a spolehlivosti budou piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory i nad\u00e1le hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v modern\u00edch technick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd senzor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho jevu zvan\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din. Tento efekt spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, typy a aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f. Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt se projevuje v<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57086"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57086\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}