{"id":57091,"date":"2023-04-25T16:17:30","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T21:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-a-sonicator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:16:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:16:49","slug":"what-is-a-sonicator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-a-sonicator\/","title":{"rendered":"Sonic\u00e1tory: Principy, pou\u017eit\u00ed a typy ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010disti\u010dek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sonic\u00e1tor je p\u0159\u00edstroj vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, nej\u010dast\u011bji k sonikaci, tedy k rozb\u00edjen\u00ed bun\u011bk, disperzi pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v kapalin\u00e1ch, \u010di k urychlen\u00ed chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed.  Jeho princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch zvukov\u00fdch vln, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v kapalin\u011b kavita\u010dn\u00ed bubliny. Tyto bubliny se n\u00e1sledn\u011b imploduj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uvol\u0148uj\u00ed energii a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 efekty.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip funkce sonik\u00e1toru<\/h3>\n<p>Sonic\u00e1tory pracuj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu nebo magnetostrikce.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sonik\u00e1tory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed krystal\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed elektrick\u00e9mu poli deformuj\u00ed a generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny. Magnetostrik\u010dn\u00ed sonik\u00e1tory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed feromagnetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se deformuje v prom\u011bnn\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9m poli, \u010d\u00edm\u017e tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Frekvence ultrazvuku se pohybuje typicky v rozmez\u00ed 20 kHz a\u017e 100 kHz, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy sonik\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f sonik\u00e1tor\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159enosu energie do kapaliny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ponorn\u00e9 sonik\u00e1tory (probubl\u00e1vac\u00ed):<\/strong>  Tyto sonik\u00e1tory maj\u00ed sondu, kter\u00e1 je pono\u0159ena p\u0159\u00edmo do kapaliny.  Energetick\u00e1 hustota je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vysok\u00e1, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch objem\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Koupelov\u00e9 sonik\u00e1tory:<\/strong>  Kapalina je um\u00edst\u011bna v n\u00e1dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je vystavena ultrazvukov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m.  Energetick\u00e1 hustota je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.  Vhodn\u00e9 pro men\u0161\u00ed objemy a citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorky.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sonik\u00e1toru<\/th>\n<th>Energetick\u00e1 hustota<\/th>\n<th>Vhodn\u00fd pro<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ponorn\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Velk\u00e9 objemy, efektivn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Mo\u017enost po\u0161kozen\u00ed vzorku, hluk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Koupelov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Mal\u00e9 objemy, citliv\u00e9 vzorky<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9n\u011b efektivn\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 objemy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace sonik\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Sonik\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Biologie a medic\u00edna:<\/strong>  Rozbit\u00ed bun\u011bk pro extrakci DNA, RNA a protein\u016f, p\u0159\u00edprava vzork\u016f pro mikroskopii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemie:<\/strong>  Urychlen\u00ed chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed, disperze pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v kapalin\u00e1ch, emulgace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Farmacie:<\/strong>  P\u0159\u00edprava l\u00e9kov\u00fdch forem, zlep\u0161en\u00ed biodostupnosti l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl:<\/strong>  Homogenizace potravin, extrakce aromatick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nanotechnologie:<\/strong>  Synt\u00e9za nano\u010d\u00e1stic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci se sonik\u00e1tory je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.  Vysok\u00e1 intenzita ultrazvuku m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit sluch, proto je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat sluch\u00e1tka.  Tak\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na to, aby se sonika\u010dn\u00ed sonda nedot\u00fdkala st\u011bn n\u00e1doby, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kozen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje.  P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s biologick\u00fdmi vzorky je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat standardn\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed postupy.<\/p>\n<p>Sonic\u00e1tory jsou v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br typu sonik\u00e1toru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f a ochranu zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sonic\u00e1tor je p\u0159\u00edstroj vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, nej\u010dast\u011bji k sonikaci, tedy k rozb\u00edjen\u00ed bun\u011bk, disperzi pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v kapalin\u00e1ch, \u010di k urychlen\u00ed chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed. Jeho princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch zvukov\u00fdch vln, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v kapalin\u011b kavita\u010dn\u00ed bubliny. Tyto bubliny se n\u00e1sledn\u011b imploduj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uvol\u0148uj\u00ed energii a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57091"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57091\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}