{"id":57186,"date":"2023-04-25T14:55:21","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-biodiesel-fuel\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:10","slug":"what-is-biodiesel-fuel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-biodiesel-fuel\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodiesel: Palivo budoucnosti? V\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Biodiesel je obnoviteln\u00e9 palivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f.  Je to alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie k naft\u011b, kter\u00e1 se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z fosiln\u00edch paliv.  Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost na rop\u011b a nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na proces v\u00fdroby, vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed biodieselu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba biodieselu<\/p>\n<p>Biodiesel se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed procesem zvan\u00fdm transesterifikace.  Tento proces zahrnuje reakci triglycerid\u016f (kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9 oleje a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky) s alkoholem (obvykle methanolem) za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti katalyz\u00e1toru (obvykle hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho nebo draseln\u00e9ho).  V\u00fdsledkem je sm\u011bs methylester\u016f mastn\u00fdch kyselin (biodiesel) a glycerolu (vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt). Glycerol se d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Kvalita biodieselu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kvalit\u011b vstupn\u00edch surovin a preciznosti v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby byl olej p\u0159ed transesterifikac\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn od ne\u010distot, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo probl\u00e9m\u016fm b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby a s funk\u010dnost\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho paliva.<\/p>\n<p>Vlastnosti biodieselu<\/p>\n<p>Biodiesel m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 vlastnosti jako nafta, ale s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly.  Je m\u00e9n\u011b hust\u00fd ne\u017e nafta a m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (m\u00edra vzn\u011btlivosti), co\u017e vede k lep\u0161\u00edmu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm emis\u00edm.  N\u00ed\u017ee je uvedena tabulka srovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti biodieselu a nafty:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>Biodiesel (B100)<\/th>\n<th>Nafta<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hustota (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/td>\n<td>880-900<\/td>\n<td>820-850<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/td>\n<td>45-55<\/td>\n<td>40-50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bod vzplanut\u00ed (\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>130-160<\/td>\n<td>52-70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Viskozita<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nafta<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e biodiesel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed biodieselu<\/p>\n<p>Biodiesel se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motorech, a to bu\u010f v \u010dist\u00e9 form\u011b (B100), nebo sm\u00edchan\u00fd s naftou (nap\u0159. B20, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 20% biodieselu a 80% nafty).  Sm\u011bs biodieselu s naftou je m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na \u00fapravy motor\u016f a je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou pou\u017eit\u00ed.  \u010cist\u00fd biodiesel (B100) vy\u017eaduje v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech \u00fapravy palivov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo probl\u00e9m\u016fm s kompatibilitou.<\/p>\n<p>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed biodieselu je ovlivn\u011bno jeho cenou, dostupnost\u00ed surovin a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podporou.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch je jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed podporov\u00e1no da\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u00falevami a dotacemi.<\/p>\n<p>Ekologick\u00e9 aspekty biodieselu<\/p>\n<p>Biodiesel je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ekologicky \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed palivo ne\u017e nafta, proto\u017ee jeho v\u00fdroba produkuje m\u00e9n\u011b emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost na fosiln\u00edch palivech.  Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v\u00fdroba biodieselu m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 negativn\u00ed dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve form\u011b spot\u0159eby energie a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.  Dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu pou\u017eit\u00e9 suroviny a na zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby.  Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f surovin, jako jsou olejniny p\u011bstovan\u00e9 na neobd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le minimalizovat environment\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad.<\/p>\n<p>Biodiesel p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eitou alternativu k fosiln\u00edm paliv\u016fm a nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti.  Jeho dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kombinaci technologick\u00e9ho pokroku, ekonomick\u00fdch faktor\u016f a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch regulac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biodiesel je obnoviteln\u00e9 palivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f. Je to alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie k naft\u011b, kter\u00e1 se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z fosiln\u00edch paliv. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost na rop\u011b a nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na proces v\u00fdroby, vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed biodieselu. V\u00fdroba biodieselu Biodiesel se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}