{"id":57226,"date":"2023-04-25T14:51:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezo-element\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:14","slug":"what-is-piezo-element","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezo-element\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, na n\u011bm\u017e je princip piezoelement\u016f zalo\u017een, byl objeven v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curieov\u00fdmi. Zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku \u010di tahu), generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt, kdy se krystal deformuje p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole, byl brzy n\u00e1sledn\u011b tak\u00e9 objeven a nazv\u00e1n inverzn\u00edm piezoelektrick\u00fdm efektem. Tyto objevy daly vzniknout cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b aplikac\u00ed, jejich\u017e z\u00e1kladem jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b piezoelektrick\u00e9 elementy.<\/p>\n

Mechanismus Piezoelektrick\u00e9ho Efektu<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je d\u016fsledkem asymetrick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed iont\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci se tato m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka naru\u0161\u00ed a dojde k posunut\u00ed kladn\u00fdch a z\u00e1porn\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f, co\u017e vede k vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho dip\u00f3lov\u00e9ho momentu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b k generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na povrchu materi\u00e1lu. Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti deformace a druhu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt funguje na stejn\u00e9m principu, jen opa\u010dn\u011b \u2013 elektrick\u00e9 pole vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1ly Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro Piezoelementy<\/h3>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly pro v\u00fdrobu piezoelement\u016f jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nVlastnosti<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K\u0159emen (SiO\u2082)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 permitivita<\/td>\nP\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, filtry, oscil\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Keramika (PZT)<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, robustnost<\/td>\nAk\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, senzory, zapalova\u010de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polymery (PVDF)<\/td>\nFlexibilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hustota<\/td>\nSenzory tlaku, mikrofon, hydrofon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/td>\nKombinace vlastnost\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/td>\nSpecifick\u00e9 aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed kompromis vlastnost\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aplikace Piezoelement\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 elementy nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ultrazvukov\u00e1 technologie:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 elementy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako gener\u00e1tory a detektory ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), pr\u016fmyslu (ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, defektoskopie) a dal\u0161\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch. P\u0159esn\u00e1 frekvence a v\u00fdkon ultrazvuku jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed funkci. N\u011bkter\u00e9 aplikace, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v medic\u00edn\u011b, vy\u017eaduj\u00ed velmi vysokou p\u0159esnost, kter\u00e1 je zaji\u0161t\u011bna pe\u010dliv\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem a v\u00fdrobou piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost Beijing Ultrasonic se specializuje na v\u00fdrobu vysoce kvalitn\u00edch piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f pro ultrazvukov\u00e9 aplikace.<\/li>\n
  • Senzory:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 rychl\u00e9 odezv\u011b a vysok\u00e9 citlivosti jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a\u017e po letectv\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny:<\/strong> Piezoelektrick\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu polohov\u00e1n\u00ed, vibrac\u00edm a generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku. Jsou charakteristick\u00e9 vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a rychlost\u00ed odezvy.<\/li>\n
  • Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong> Jednoduch\u00e1, ale \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 aplikace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00fdhody a Nev\u00fdhody Piezoelement\u016f<\/h3>\n

    V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Vysok\u00e1 citlivost a p\u0159esnost<\/li>\n
    • Rychl\u00e1 odezva<\/li>\n
    • Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n
    • N\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie (u senzor\u016f)<\/li>\n
    • Robustnost (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n
      • Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost<\/li>\n
      • Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 cena (u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Piezoelektrick\u00e9 elementy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed schopnosti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak, nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed po p\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technologi\u00edch neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k dal\u0161\u00edm inovac\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, na n\u011bm\u017e je princip piezoelement\u016f zalo\u017een, byl objeven v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curieov\u00fdmi. Zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku \u010di tahu), generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt, kdy se krystal deformuje p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole, byl brzy n\u00e1sledn\u011b tak\u00e9 objeven a nazv\u00e1n inverzn\u00edm piezoelektrick\u00fdm efektem. Tyto objevy daly vzniknout<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}