{"id":57236,"date":"2023-04-25T14:50:02","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezoelectric-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:16","slug":"what-is-piezoelectric-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezoelectric-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou. Tento proces je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm jevu, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je tlak, tah nebo vibrace.  Tento jev je vratn\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se tak\u00e9 deformuj\u00ed p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole \u2013 tzv. inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od miniaturn\u00edch zdroj\u016f energie a\u017e po velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>Princip funkce piezoelektrick\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed specifickou krystalovou strukturu.  Kdy\u017e je takov\u00fd materi\u00e1l mechanicky nam\u00e1h\u00e1n, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k posunut\u00ed iont\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece, co\u017e vede k akumulaci elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.  Velikost generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na n\u011bkolika faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b typu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, velikosti a tvaru piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a intenzity mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je s\u00edla p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na materi\u00e1l, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je generovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Pro efektivn\u00ed generov\u00e1n\u00ed energie se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly s vysokou piezoelektrickou konstantou, kter\u00e9 maximalizuj\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<p>Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1torech<\/p>\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly jsou keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad olovo-zirkon\u00e1t-titani\u010dit\u00fd (PZT), kter\u00fd vykazuje vysokou piezoelektrickou aktivitu.  Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako jsou k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn a r\u016fzn\u00e9 polymery s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.  V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci a po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech gener\u00e1toru, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad mechanick\u00e1 odolnost, provozn\u00ed teplota a cena.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\n<th>Mechanick\u00e1 odolnost<\/th>\n<th>Cena<\/th>\n<th>Teplotn\u00ed rozsah<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>\u0160irok\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>\u0160irok\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turmal\u00edn<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>\u0160irok\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polymery (PVDF)<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Omezen\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech.  V energetice se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie z vibrac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v senzorov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, nositeln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a autonomn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.  V pr\u016fmyslu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed v zapalovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech nebo jako sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed.  V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f v oblasti sb\u011bru energie z lidsk\u00e9ho pohybu, vibrac\u00ed budov nebo energie vln.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed jejich kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, vysok\u00e1 spolehlivost a absence pohybliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.  Nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 extern\u00ed zdroje energie, pouze mechanick\u00e9 vibrace.  Nev\u00fdhodou je relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159em\u011bny energie a omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.  V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zlep\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto nedostatk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor p\u0159edstavuje inovativn\u00ed technologii pro sb\u011br energie z mechanick\u00fdch vibrac\u00ed.  Jeho \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jeho potenci\u00e1lu a neust\u00e1l\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji a zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159ovat na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed spektra pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a integraci piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f do komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou. Tento proces je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm jevu, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je tlak, tah nebo vibrace. Tento jev je vratn\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se tak\u00e9 deformuj\u00ed p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole \u2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}