{"id":57241,"date":"2023-04-25T14:49:27","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezoelectric-material\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:16","slug":"what-is-piezoelectric-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezoelectric-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: Vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou vlastnost: schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha technologi\u00edch, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce sofistikovan\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje.  Pochopen\u00ed princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro ocen\u011bn\u00ed jejich v\u0161estrannosti a potenci\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na struktu\u0159e krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky materi\u00e1lu.  V piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech doch\u00e1z\u00ed k polarizaci atom\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci.  Tato deformace, a\u0165 u\u017e je to tlak, tah nebo smyk, zp\u016fsobuje posun n\u00e1boj\u016f uvnit\u0159 krystalu, co\u017e vede k vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na povrchu materi\u00e1lu. Opa\u010dn\u00fd proces, kdy se aplikuje elektrick\u00e9 pole na materi\u00e1l, zp\u016fsob\u00ed jeho mechanickou deformaci.  Tento vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah mezi mechanick\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm a elektrick\u00fdm polem je z\u00e1kladem funkce piezoelektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se d\u011bl\u00ed na n\u011bkolik kategori\u00ed, z nich\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. PZT &#8211; olovo-zirkon\u00e1t-titani\u010ditan),  k\u0159emen a n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery.  Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 ho p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT keramika<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159ehkost, toxicita olova<\/td>\n<td>Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, senzory, ultrazvuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hystereze<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/td>\n<td>Osci\u00e1tory, filtry, senzory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polymery (PVDF)<\/td>\n<td>Flexibilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta ne\u017e PZT<\/td>\n<td>Senzory, hydrofony, mikrofony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n<p>\u0160irok\u00e9 spektrum aplikac\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f zahrnuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010disti\u010dk\u00e1ch a v dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto materi\u00e1ly pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce frekven\u010dn\u00edch ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong>  Klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, kde mechanick\u00fd tlak na piezoelektrick\u00fd krystal generuje jiskru pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v mikroskopii nebo v tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum v oblasti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed, stabilitou a odolnost\u00ed.  Hlavn\u00ed snahou je minimalizovat nev\u00fdhody st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159ehkost a toxicita (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b PZT), a z\u00e1rove\u0148 maximalizovat jejich piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti.  To otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k dal\u0161\u00edm inovac\u00edm a aplikac\u00edm v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oborech.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed.  D\u00edky jejich schopnosti p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou a elektrickou energii nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed a jejich budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed objevy a inovace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou vlastnost: schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha technologi\u00edch, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce sofistikovan\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje. Pochopen\u00ed princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro ocen\u011bn\u00ed jejich v\u0161estrannosti a potenci\u00e1lu. Princip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1617,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57241\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}