{"id":57246,"date":"2023-04-25T14:48:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezoelectric-speaker\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:17","slug":"what-is-piezoelectric-speaker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezoelectric-speaker\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory: princip a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd reproduktor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a n\u00e1sledn\u011b na zvuk. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch reproduktor\u016f s membr\u00e1nou a c\u00edvkou, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na elektromagnetickou indukci, funguje piezoelektrick\u00fd reproduktor na principu deformace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Tento princip mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vyniknout v n\u011bkter\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1 i sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je jev, kdy se n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly deformuj\u00ed vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole a naopak, p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Tento efekt je obousm\u011brn\u00fd a je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch reproduktor\u016f.  V reproduktoru se aplikuje st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na piezoelektrick\u00fd element, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje jeho periodick\u00e9 rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Tyto vibrace se pak \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako zvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly jsou keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO3) nebo zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titanit (PZT).<\/p>\n<h3>Konstrukce piezoelektrick\u00e9ho reproduktoru<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd reproduktor je obecn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u011b ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed reproduktor.  Typicky se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, kter\u00fd je buzen elektrick\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, a rezonan\u010dn\u00ed komory, kter\u00e1 optimalizuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch vln.  Tvar a velikost piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, stejn\u011b jako design rezonan\u010dn\u00ed komory, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00ed charakteristiky reproduktoru.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 konstrukce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro optimalizaci p\u0159enosu vibrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch reproduktor\u016f<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhoda<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhoda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Velikost<\/td>\n<td>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi mal\u00fd a tenk\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Omezen\u00e1 velikost membr\u00e1ny a v\u00fdkonu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Odolnost<\/td>\n<td>Robustn\u00ed a odoln\u00fd proti n\u00e1raz\u016fm a vibrac\u00edm<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e1chylnost k po\u0161kozen\u00ed vysok\u00fdmi nap\u011bt\u00edmi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva, vhodn\u00e9 pro vysok\u00e9 t\u00f3ny<\/td>\n<td>Omezen\u00e1 n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Efektivita<\/td>\n<td>Relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159em\u011bny energie<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eba energie pro stejnou hlasitost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cena<\/td>\n<td>Obecn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu v men\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011brech<\/td>\n<td>Cena se m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch reproduktor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha aplikac\u00edch, kde jsou jejich specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.  \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Miniaturn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch:<\/strong>  Mobiln\u00ed telefony, MP3 p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de, notebooky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch:<\/strong>  Senzory, m\u011b\u0159i\u010de vzd\u00e1lenosti, ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my:<\/strong>  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v n\u011bkter\u00fdch typech sluch\u00e1tek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zvukov\u00e9 signalizace:<\/strong>  V\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, popla\u0161n\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi reproduktory<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory se li\u0161\u00ed od tradi\u010dn\u00edch reproduktor\u016f s c\u00edvkou a membr\u00e1nou jak z hlediska principu funkce, tak i charakteristik.  Tradi\u010dn\u00ed reproduktory obecn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvu a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, ale jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory jsou men\u0161\u00ed, robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysok\u00e9 frekvence, ale maj\u00ed omezenou basovou odezvu a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 reproduktory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou alternativu k tradi\u010dn\u00edm reproduktor\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na v aplikac\u00edch, kde je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 miniaturizace, odolnost a vysok\u00e1 frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva.  I p\u0159es omezen\u00ed v oblasti n\u00edzk\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinnosti si nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech elektroniky a techniky.  Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a konstrukc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it jejich mo\u017enosti a zlep\u0161it jejich v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed charakteristiky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd reproduktor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a n\u00e1sledn\u011b na zvuk. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch reproduktor\u016f s membr\u00e1nou a c\u00edvkou, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na elektromagnetickou indukci, funguje piezoelektrick\u00fd reproduktor na principu deformace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Tento princip mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vyniknout v n\u011bkter\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}