{"id":57251,"date":"2023-04-25T14:47:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T19:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-piezoelectric-transducers\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:18","slug":"what-is-piezoelectric-transducers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-piezoelectric-transducers\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast technologie, kter\u00e1 spojuje mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed s elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem.  Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curie, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje.  Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 konverzi mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, co jsou piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de a jak funguj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na vlastnostech ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn nebo syntetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titan\u00e1t (PZT).  Tyto materi\u00e1ly vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (stla\u010den\u00ed, nata\u017een\u00ed, ohybu) generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj na sv\u00e9m povrchu.  Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se tyto materi\u00e1ly deformuj\u00ed.  Velikost generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, a proto se tyto materi\u00e1ly daj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt pro p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de se d\u011bl\u00ed do n\u011bkolika kategori\u00ed podle jejich konstrukce a aplikace.  Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159\u00ed tlak p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na jejich povrch. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, nebo v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong> Detekuj\u00ed zm\u011bny rychlosti a zrychlen\u00ed.  Jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed airbag\u016f v automobilech, ale i v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Generuj\u00ed a detekuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci a nedestruktivn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad u pokro\u010dil\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s technologi\u00ed od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s\u00edly:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159\u00ed velikost s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na sn\u00edma\u010d.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edly v lisovac\u00edch stroj\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tabulka porovn\u00e1n\u00ed typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>M\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 veli\u010dina<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d tlaku<\/td>\n<td>Tlak<\/td>\n<td>PZT, k\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 aplikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>Airbagy, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/td>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 automatizace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sn\u00edma\u010d s\u00edly<\/td>\n<td>S\u00edla<\/td>\n<td>PZT, k\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy, robotika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost a p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u0160irok\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah.<\/li>\n<li>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry.<\/li>\n<li>Robustn\u00ed konstrukce.<\/li>\n<li>Dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost.<\/li>\n<li>Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>Neline\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00ed technologie.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed jejich vlastnost\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast technologie, kter\u00e1 spojuje mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed s elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem. Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curie, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 konverzi mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57251\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}