{"id":57496,"date":"2023-04-22T03:08:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:08:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/can-you-make-biodiesel-at-home\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:02:13","slug":"can-you-make-biodiesel-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/can-you-make-biodiesel-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodiesel doma: n\u00e1vod, rizika a legalita"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba bionafty je l\u00e1kav\u00e1 my\u0161lenka pro mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 u\u0161et\u0159it pen\u00edze.  Je to v\u0161ak projekt, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 znalosti chemie.  Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd proces a  v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 bionafta nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy kvalitn\u00ed, pokud se postup spr\u00e1vn\u011b nedodr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Suroviny a vybaven\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed surovinou pro v\u00fdrobu bionafty je rostlinn\u00fd olej, nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017eit\u00fd je pou\u017eit\u00fd fritovac\u00ed olej.  M\u016f\u017eete ale pou\u017e\u00edt i \u0159epkov\u00fd, slune\u010dnicov\u00fd, s\u00f3jov\u00fd, \u010di jin\u00e9 oleje,  ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyhnout se olej\u016fm s vysok\u00fdm obsahem voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 by mohly negativn\u011b ovlivnit kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho produktu. D\u00e1le budete pot\u0159ebovat methanol (methylalkohol), silnou z\u00e1sadu (hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho nebo draseln\u00e9ho),  a pom\u011brn\u011b robustn\u00ed n\u00e1doby odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chemik\u00e1li\u00edm.  Kvalitn\u00ed m\u00edchadlo je tak\u00e9 nezbytn\u00e9 pro d\u016fkladn\u00e9 prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u011bsi. Filtra\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fin\u00e1ln\u00ed bionafty je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Surovina<\/th>\n<th>Mno\u017estv\u00ed (orienta\u010dn\u00ed)<\/th>\n<th>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pou\u017eit\u00fd rostlinn\u00fd olej<\/td>\n<td>10 litr\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Manipulace s olejem vy\u017eaduje opatrnost, je ho\u0159lav\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Methanol<\/td>\n<td>1 litr<\/td>\n<td>Vysoce toxick\u00fd, pr\u00e1ce s methanolem vy\u017eaduje dobrou ventilaci a ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky (rukavice, br\u00fdle).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hydroxid sodn\u00fd (NaOH)<\/td>\n<td>50 gram\u016f<\/td>\n<td>\u017d\u00edrav\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, hroz\u00ed polept\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a o\u010d\u00ed.  Pracujte v rukavic\u00edch a br\u00fdl\u00edch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Proces v\u00fdroby<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba bionafty prob\u00edh\u00e1 v n\u011bkolika f\u00e1z\u00edch. Nejprve je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit roztok hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho v methanolu.  Tato sm\u011bs je siln\u011b exotermn\u00ed, proto je nutn\u00e9 ji chladit.  Potom se do sm\u011bsi p\u0159id\u00e1 rostlinn\u00fd olej a pe\u010dliv\u011b se prom\u00edch\u00e1.  Reakce prob\u00edh\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hodin za st\u00e1l\u00e9ho m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed.  Po skon\u010den\u00ed reakce se sm\u011bs nech\u00e1 odst\u00e1t, aby se odd\u011blily vrstvy \u2013 bionafta a glycerin.  Nakonec se bionafta odd\u011bl\u00ed a promyje vodou, aby se odstranily zbytky glycerinu a metanolu.  Filtrace zajist\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech ne\u010distot.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a \u00faprava bionafty<\/p>\n<p>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bionafty je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jej\u00ed kvalitu a \u017eivotnost.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 odstranit ve\u0161ker\u00fd zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed glycerin a methanol.  Krom\u011b filtrace se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i myt\u00ed vodou a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 su\u0161en\u00ed.  Kvalita v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 bionafty z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pe\u010dlivosti a p\u0159esnosti p\u0159i v\u0161ech kroc\u00edch procesu.<\/p>\n<p>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba bionafty doma vy\u017eaduje velkou opatrnost. Methanol a hydroxid sodn\u00fd jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie a je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat v\u0161echna bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.  Pr\u00e1ce by se m\u011bla prov\u00e1d\u011bt ve dob\u0159e v\u011btran\u00e9m prostoru, s pou\u017eit\u00edm ochrann\u00fdch pom\u016fcek (rukavice, br\u00fdle, ochrann\u00fd od\u011bv).  Je nutn\u00e9 se vyvarovat kontaktu t\u011bchto chemik\u00e1li\u00ed s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a o\u010dima.  V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zasa\u017een\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b om\u00fdt posti\u017een\u00e9 m\u00edsto velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm vody a vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba bionafty je sice mo\u017en\u00e1, ale vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti chemie, pe\u010dlivost a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f.  Riskovat pr\u00e1ci s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liemi bez dostate\u010dn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a vybaven\u00ed se nedoporu\u010duje.  Kvalita v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 bionafty m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 a nemus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat v\u0161echny po\u017eadavky na kvalitu paliv.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i p\u0159es potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00faspory,  rizika spojen\u00e1 s dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobou bionafty mohou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eit jej\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba bionafty je l\u00e1kav\u00e1 my\u0161lenka pro mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 u\u0161et\u0159it pen\u00edze. Je to v\u0161ak projekt, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 znalosti chemie. Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd proces a v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 bionafta nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy kvalitn\u00ed, pokud se postup spr\u00e1vn\u011b nedodr\u017e\u00ed. Suroviny a vybaven\u00ed Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}