{"id":57536,"date":"2023-04-22T03:07:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-piezoelectric-switch-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:16","slug":"how-does-piezoelectric-switch-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-piezoelectric-switch-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de: Funkce a princip"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d p\u0159edstavuje inovativn\u00ed technologii pro detekci pohybu a tlaku, kter\u00e1 se op\u00edr\u00e1 o princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu. Tento jev popisuje vznik elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je tlak, tah nebo vibrace. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f a jejich praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emene, turmal\u00ednu nebo syntetick\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a zirkon\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd titan\u00e1t (PZT). P\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed se tyto materi\u00e1ly deformuj\u00ed a v d\u016fsledku toho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159eskupen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f v jejich krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece, co\u017e vede ke vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu na jejich povrchu. Intenzita tohoto potenci\u00e1lu je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 s\u00edle p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho tlaku. Opa\u010dn\u00fd jev, piezoelektrick\u00e1 elektrostrikce, nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se na piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l p\u0159ivede elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed jeho mechanickou deformaci.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sp\u00edna\u010da<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d typicky obsahuje piezoelektrick\u00fd element, kter\u00fd je mechanicky spojen s kontaktem. Kdy\u017e je na element aplikov\u00e1n tlak, generuje se elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj. Tento n\u00e1boj p\u0159es\u00e1hne ur\u010ditou prahovou hodnotu, kter\u00e1 aktivuje sp\u00ednac\u00ed obvod. Konstrukce se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadavc\u00edch na citlivost, \u017eivotnost a velikost sp\u00edna\u010de. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zesilova\u010d pro zes\u00edlen\u00ed slab\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho elementu.<\/p>\n

Pracovn\u00ed princip a charakteristiky<\/h3>\n

Sp\u00edna\u010d je v klidov\u00e9m stavu otev\u0159en\u00fd. Po aplikaci tlaku na piezoelektrick\u00fd element se generuje elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj, kter\u00fd aktivuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed obvod a sp\u00edna\u010d se uzav\u0159e. Po odstran\u011bn\u00ed tlaku se n\u00e1boj rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed a sp\u00edna\u010d se vr\u00e1t\u00ed do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho stavu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 parametry piezoelektrick\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nJednotka<\/th>\nTypick\u00e1 hodnota<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Prahov\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/td>\nN<\/td>\n0.1 – 10 N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapacita<\/td>\npF<\/td>\n10 – 100 pF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u017divotnost<\/td>\ncykly<\/td>\n10\u2076 – 10\u2078<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Opera\u010dn\u00ed teplota<\/td>\n\u00b0C<\/td>\n-20 – +80 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odolnost proti vibrac\u00edm<\/td>\ng<\/td>\n10 – 100 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, kde je pot\u0159eba spolehliv\u00e1 a kompaktn\u00ed detekce tlaku nebo pohybu. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Senzory tlaku v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu<\/li>\n
  • Sp\u00edna\u010de v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/li>\n
  • Senzory dotyku v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci<\/li>\n
  • Mikrofony a sn\u00edma\u010de zvuku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezoelektrick\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n

    V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Vysok\u00e1 spolehlivost a dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/li>\n
    • Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n
    • N\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie<\/li>\n
    • Robustn\u00ed konstrukce<\/li>\n
    • Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost<\/li>\n
      • Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 cena ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi typy sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f<\/li>\n
      • Omezen\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edla, kterou mohou detekovat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed a spolehliv\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro mnoho aplikac\u00ed, kde je pot\u0159eba detekce tlaku nebo pohybu. Jejich vlastnosti, jako je spolehlivost, kompaktnost a n\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie, je \u010din\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed volbou pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee existuj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, jejich rostouc\u00ed obliba a neust\u00e1l\u00fd v\u00fdvoj technologie slibuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v budoucnu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Piezoelektrick\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d p\u0159edstavuje inovativn\u00ed technologii pro detekci pohybu a tlaku, kter\u00e1 se op\u00edr\u00e1 o princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu. Tento jev popisuje vznik elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je tlak, tah nebo vibrace. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f a jejich praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57536"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57536\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}