{"id":57541,"date":"2023-04-22T03:07:08","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-transducer-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:21","slug":"how-does-transducer-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-transducer-work\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159evodn\u00edky: Funkce, principy a praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed energii z jednoho typu na jin\u00fd. V technick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch se nej\u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s p\u0159evodn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed elektrickou energii na jinou formu energie (nap\u0159. mechanickou, akustickou, sv\u011btelnou) a naopak.  Funk\u010dnost p\u0159evodn\u00edku je zalo\u017eena na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch jevech, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specifick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, z n\u011bho\u017e je vyroben.  Pochopen\u00ed principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edku je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly technologi\u00ed, od ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010didel a\u017e po laserov\u00e9 skenery.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f a jejich principy<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edky lze klasifikovat podle typu energie, kterou p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed.  Mezi nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky:<\/strong> Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se materi\u00e1l deformuje p\u016fsoben\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho pole a naopak.  Aplikac\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se materi\u00e1l mechanicky deformuje, co\u017e generuje zvukov\u00e9 vlny (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ultrazvukov\u00fdch p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f).  Naopak, mechanick\u00e1 deformace materi\u00e1lu (nap\u0159. tlak zvukov\u00e9 vlny) generuje elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Piezoelektrick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch, sonarech a dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch.  P\u0159\u00edkladem je pou\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f v ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010didlech od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 kalibrace pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Magnetostrik\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edky:<\/strong>  Magnetostrikce je jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se materi\u00e1l deformuje v magnetick\u00e9m poli.  Zm\u011bna magnetick\u00e9ho pole indukuje mechanickou deformaci a naopak.  Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, kde je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ev\u00e9st elektrickou energii na mechanickou s vysokou silou.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kapacitn\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edky:<\/strong>  Kapacitn\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edky m\u011bn\u00ed elektrickou kapacitu v z\u00e1vislosti na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010din\u011b, kterou m\u011b\u0159\u00ed.  Zm\u011bna kapacity se pak p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, tlaku a dal\u0161\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Optick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky:<\/strong> Optick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l a naopak.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v optick\u00fdch senzorech a v komunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Parametry p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdkonnost p\u0159evodn\u00edku je charakterizov\u00e1na n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi parametry:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<th>Jednotka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Pom\u011br v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu k vstupn\u00ed veli\u010din\u011b<\/td>\n<td>V\/Pa, mV\/m, atd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<td>Rozsah frekvenc\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch p\u0159evodn\u00edk pracuje efektivn\u011b<\/td>\n<td>Hz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dynamick\u00fd rozsah<\/td>\n<td>Rozd\u00edl mezi nejmen\u0161\u00edm a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem<\/td>\n<td>dB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Line\u00e1rn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<td>Rozsah, ve kter\u00e9m je z\u00e1vislost mezi vstupn\u00ed a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed veli\u010dinou line\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>z\u00e1vis\u00ed na veli\u010din\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Impedance<\/td>\n<td>Odpor p\u0159evodn\u00edku v\u016f\u010di proudu<\/td>\n<td>Ohm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edky hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le technologi\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ultrazvukov\u00e1 diagnostika:<\/strong>  V medic\u00edn\u011b se ultrazvukov\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sonary:<\/strong> V n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu a v robotice se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k detekci objekt\u016f pod vodou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de tlaku a teploty:<\/strong> P\u0159evodn\u00edky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laserov\u00e9 skenery:<\/strong> Optick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro 3D skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed optick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Automatizace:<\/strong>  V pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proces\u016f a detekci chyb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edky jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich princip\u016f a parametr\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro design a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a aplikacemi, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k pokroku v mnoha oblastech v\u011bdy a techniky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evodn\u00edk je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed energii z jednoho typu na jin\u00fd. V technick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch se nej\u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s p\u0159evodn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed elektrickou energii na jinou formu energie (nap\u0159. mechanickou, akustickou, sv\u011btelnou) a naopak. Funk\u010dnost p\u0159evodn\u00edku je zalo\u017eena na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch jevech, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specifick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, z n\u011bho\u017e je vyroben. Pochopen\u00ed principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edku je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57541"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57541\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}