{"id":57546,"date":"2023-04-22T03:07:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-ultrasonic-transducer-works\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:29","slug":"how-does-ultrasonic-transducer-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-ultrasonic-transducer-works\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d: princip funkce a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi komponentami v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci.  Funguj\u00ed na principu p\u0159em\u011bny elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvuk) a naopak.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu \u010dinnosti je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev a jeho role<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem funkce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd jev.  Tento jev popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emene nebo keramiky (nap\u0159. PZT \u2013 zirkonitan olovnato-barnat\u00fd), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci a naopak se deformovat p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  V ultrazvukov\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010di je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n tak, aby se p\u0159i p\u0159iveden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed zdrojem deformoval a generoval ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Tyto vlny se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00edm a po odrazu od p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek se vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt ke sn\u00edma\u010di.  Sn\u00edma\u010d pak tyto odra\u017een\u00e9 vlny detekuje a p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed zp\u011bt na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je n\u00e1sledn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm designem, frekvenc\u00ed a aplikac\u00ed.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s jedn\u00edm prvkem:<\/strong>  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de vys\u00edlaj\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny pomoc\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00edma\u010de s v\u00edce prvky:<\/strong>  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed a p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Mohou b\u00fdt uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do line\u00e1rn\u00edho, f\u00e1zovan\u00e9ho nebo jin\u00e9ho pole.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zm\u011bnu kapacity mezi elektrodami k detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Jednoprvkov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Jednoduch\u00e1 konstrukce, n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, detekce objekt\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u00edcep\u0159vkov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed, lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost<\/td>\n<td>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 kontrola<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky, detekce net\u011bsnost\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Proces p\u0159em\u011bny sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159em\u011bna elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny a naopak je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm procesem.  Aplikovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek zp\u016fsob\u00ed jeho mechanickou deformaci, kter\u00e1 generuje ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Frekvence t\u011bchto vln z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vlastnostech piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a na frekvenci aplikovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Odra\u017een\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 dopadaj\u00ed zp\u011bt na sn\u00edma\u010d, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jeho mechanickou deformaci, kter\u00e1 indukuje elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed je pak zes\u00edleno a zpracov\u00e1no elektronick\u00fdm obvodem.<\/p>\n<h3>Impedanzn\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pro efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos energie mezi sn\u00edma\u010dem a prost\u0159ed\u00edm je nezbytn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 impedanzn\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed.  To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee akustick\u00e1 impedance sn\u00edma\u010de by m\u011bla b\u00fdt co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee akustick\u00e9 impedanci prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed.  Nesoulad impedanc\u00ed vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m energie na rozhran\u00ed a sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed akustick\u00e9 impedancen\u00ed vrstvy (tzv. matching layers).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee funkce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je zalo\u017eena na vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu pro p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak.  R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f a techniky impedanzn\u00edho p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed optimalizuj\u00ed v\u00fdkon pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace.  Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto princip\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v mnoha oblastech lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi komponentami v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci. Funguj\u00ed na principu p\u0159em\u011bny elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvuk) a naopak. Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu \u010dinnosti je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev a jeho role Z\u00e1kladem funkce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd jev. Tento jev<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57546"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57546\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}