{"id":57741,"date":"2023-04-22T02:59:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T07:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-frequency-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:10:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:10:05","slug":"how-to-make-frequency-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-frequency-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 produkuje elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly s p\u0159esn\u011b definovanou frekvenc\u00ed. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed je \u0161irok\u00e9, od testov\u00e1n\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek a lad\u011bn\u00ed hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 aplikace a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho gener\u00e1toru frekvenc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm a pou\u010dn\u00fdm projektem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pochopit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy elektroniky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod, jak si takov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor postavit.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br komponent<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed komponenty pro jednoduch\u00fd gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed oscil\u00e1tor, \u010dasova\u010d a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed zesilova\u010d. V\u00fdb\u011br konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch komponent z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9m frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahu a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed amplitud\u011b. Pro n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory (do n\u011bkolika kHz) je vhodn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d (op-amp) v konfiguraci Wienova m\u016fstku. Pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad krystalov\u00e9 oscil\u00e1tory nebo gener\u00e1tory s integrovan\u00fdmi obvody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Komponent<\/th>\nFunkce<\/th>\nP\u0159\u00edklady<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d (op-amp)<\/td>\nZesiluje sign\u00e1l, tvo\u0159\u00ed oscil\u00e1tor<\/td>\nLM741, TL071<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rezistory<\/td>\nNastavuj\u00ed frekvenci a amplitudu<\/td>\n1k\u03a9, 10k\u03a9, 100k\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kondenz\u00e1tory<\/td>\nNastavuj\u00ed frekvenci<\/td>\n10nF, 100nF, 1\u00b5F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potenciometr<\/td>\nUmo\u017e\u0148uje plynulou regulaci frekvence<\/td>\n10k\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Krystalov\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor (pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence)<\/td>\nGeneruje p\u0159esnou frekvenci<\/td>\nR\u016fzn\u00e9 frekvence dle pot\u0159eby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

N\u00e1vrh obvodu<\/p>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed lze postavit pomoc\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho zesilova\u010de v konfiguraci Wienova m\u016fstku. Tento obvod vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kladnou zp\u011btnou vazbu k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed oscilac\u00ed. Frekvence oscilac\u00ed je ur\u010dena hodnotami rezistor\u016f a kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f v m\u016fstku. Vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det frekvence je:<\/p>\n

f = 1 \/ (2\u03c0RC)<\/p>\n

kde:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • f je frekvence v Hz<\/li>\n
  • R je hodnota rezistoru v Ohmech<\/li>\n
  • C je hodnota kondenz\u00e1toru v Farad\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Pro stabiln\u00ed oscilace je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt regulaci amplitudy, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo zkreslen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. To lze prov\u00e9st pomoc\u00ed diodov\u00e9 klipov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo automatick\u00e9 regulace zisku (AGC).<\/p>\n

    Stavba a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

    Po pe\u010dliv\u00e9m navr\u017een\u00ed obvodu je nutn\u00e9 komponenty spr\u00e1vn\u011b propojit na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f (DPS) nebo na experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed desce. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s elektronikou je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a db\u00e1t na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed komponent. Po sestaven\u00ed obvodu je pot\u0159eba ov\u011b\u0159it jeho funk\u010dnost pomoc\u00ed osciloskopu nebo frekven\u010dn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159i\u010de. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011blo potvrdit po\u017eadovanou frekvenci a amplitudu v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je nutn\u00e9 upravit hodnoty komponent pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 funkce<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed lze roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it o dal\u0161\u00ed funkce, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed frekvence, generov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f sign\u00e1lu (sinus, obd\u00e9ln\u00edk, troj\u00faheln\u00edk) nebo modulce. Pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mikroprocesory nebo specializovan\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody. Pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch frekvenc\u00ed (nad 20 kHz) je pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 komponenty a obvody, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny pracovat s t\u011bmito vysok\u00fdmi frekvencemi. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, pro velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku, by se mohly pou\u017e\u00edt i specializovan\u00e9 komponenty od v\u00fdrobc\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Beijing Ultrasonic, pokud je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a stabilita.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee stavba gener\u00e1toru frekvenc\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed prohloubit va\u0161e znalosti elektroniky. Dodr\u017een\u00edm krok\u016f uveden\u00fdch v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed gener\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m bude slou\u017eit pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Nebojte se experimentovat a upravovat obvod dle va\u0161ich pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Gener\u00e1tor frekvenc\u00ed je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 produkuje elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly s p\u0159esn\u011b definovanou frekvenc\u00ed. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed je \u0161irok\u00e9, od testov\u00e1n\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek a lad\u011bn\u00ed hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 aplikace a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho gener\u00e1toru frekvenc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm a pou\u010dn\u00fdm projektem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pochopit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy elektroniky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod, jak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57741\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}