{"id":57766,"date":"2023-04-22T02:58:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T07:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:11:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:11:18","slug":"how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed skupinou l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento jev, zvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v modern\u00ed technologii, od zapalova\u010d\u016f po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 senzory.  V\u00fdroba t\u011bchto krystal\u016f je v\u0161ak slo\u017eit\u00fd proces, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis metod v\u00fdroby piezokrystal\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br a p\u0159\u00edprava v\u00fdchoz\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm krokem p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b piezokrystal\u016f je v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k\u0159emen (SiO\u2082),  titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) a dal\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny s perovskitovou strukturou.  Kvalita v\u00fdchoz\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje vlastnosti v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho krystalu.  Ne\u010distoty a defekty v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece mohou v\u00e9st k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm vlastnostem, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 vodivost.  P\u0159ed samotnou v\u00fdrobou je proto nutn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly d\u016fkladn\u011b o\u010distit a homogenizovat.<\/p>\n<pre><code>Materi\u00e1l\nChemick\u00fd vzorec\nV\u00fdhody\nNev\u00fdhody\n\nK\u0159emen\nSiO\u2082\nVysok\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta energie\nN\u00edzk\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta\n\nTitan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd\nBaTiO\u2083\nVysok\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta\nNi\u017e\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e1 stabilita\n\nNiob\u00e1t lithn\u00fd\nLiNbO\u2083\nV\u00fdborn\u00e9 vlastnosti pro vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed aplikace\nSlo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroba<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Metody r\u016fstu krystal\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik metod r\u016fstu piezokrystal\u016f, z nich\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Metoda Czochralsk\u00e9ho:<\/strong> Tato metoda spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pomal\u00e9m vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed krystalu z taveniny.  Je vhodn\u00e1 pro r\u016fst velk\u00fdch a vysoce kvalitn\u00edch krystal\u016f, av\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esnou regulaci teploty a rychlosti vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed synt\u00e9za:<\/strong> Tato metoda vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vysok\u00fdch tlak\u016f a teplot v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.  Je vhodn\u00e1 pro r\u016fst krystal\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nerozpust\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlech.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Fluxov\u00e1 metoda:<\/strong> Krystaly se p\u011bstuj\u00ed z roztaven\u00e9ho roztoku (fluxu), ve kter\u00e9m je rozpu\u0161t\u011bna v\u00fdchoz\u00ed l\u00e1tka.  Tato metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u016fst krystal\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi tvary a velikostmi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava a charakterizace<\/p>\n<p>Po vypestov\u00e1n\u00ed krystal\u016f je nutn\u00e9 je opracovat do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru a velikosti.  To se prov\u00e1d\u00ed mechanick\u00fdm brou\u0161en\u00edm a le\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava, kter\u00e1 ovliv\u0148uje vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku.  Kvalita vyroben\u00fdch krystal\u016f se n\u00e1sledn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159uje pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod, jako je rentgenov\u00e1 difrakce, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 konstanty a dal\u0161\u00ed.  Tyto testy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace piezokrystal\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od senzor\u016f a aktu\u00e1tor\u016f po gener\u00e1tory vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch,  jako jsou p\u0159\u00edstroje pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, se hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky.  Precizn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1ly a technologie pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdroba piezokrystal\u016f je slo\u017eit\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje detailn\u00ed znalosti materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy a speci\u00e1ln\u00edho vybaven\u00ed.  P\u0159esn\u00fd postup se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech a aplikaci v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho krystalu.  V\u00fdsledkem je v\u0161ak materi\u00e1l s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00fd nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v modern\u00ed technologii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed skupinou l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, zvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v modern\u00ed technologii, od zapalova\u010d\u016f po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 senzory. V\u00fdroba t\u011bchto krystal\u016f je v\u0161ak slo\u017eit\u00fd proces, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis metod v\u00fdroby piezokrystal\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}