{"id":58106,"date":"2023-04-22T01:48:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T06:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:13:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:13:58","slug":"how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru: Praktick\u00fd n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pou\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru je omezen\u00e9, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch provediteln\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco mikrokontrol\u00e9r umo\u017e\u0148uje komplexn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, existuj\u00ed metody, jak z\u00edskat z ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace bez n\u011bj. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na tyto metody a jejich limity.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho \u010dasova\u010de<\/h3>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru, je pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasova\u010de, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159\u00ed dobu letu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho impulzu. Senzor ode\u0161le impulz a \u010dasova\u010d za\u010dne m\u011b\u0159it. Po obdr\u017een\u00ed odra\u017een\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu \u010dasova\u010d zastav\u00ed. Doba letu je pak p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 p\u0159esnost \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed je kritick\u00e1 pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1du centimetr\u016f je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt \u010dasova\u010d s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden s nanosekundovou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u010casova\u010d<\/th>\nRozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/th>\nP\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1)<\/th>\nCena (orienta\u010dn\u00ed)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u010casova\u010d 1<\/td>\n1 \u00b5s<\/td>\n\u00b11 cm<\/td>\nn\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010casova\u010d 2<\/td>\n10 ns<\/td>\n\u00b10.1 cm<\/td>\nst\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010casova\u010d 3<\/td>\n1 ns<\/td>\n\u00b10.01 cm<\/td>\nvysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 podle vzorce: Vzd\u00e1lenost = (Doba letu \/ 2) * Rychlost zvuku<\/code>, kde rychlost zvuku z\u00e1vis\u00ed na teplot\u011b a vlhkosti vzduchu. Tento fakt je nutno zohlednit pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt kalibraci. Tato metoda je vhodn\u00e1 pro aplikace, kde je po\u017eadov\u00e1na pouze hrub\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed analogov\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu (pokud dostupn\u00fd)<\/h3>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory, a\u010dkoliv m\u00e9n\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b, mohou poskytovat analogov\u00fd v\u00fdstup p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dasova\u010d. Hodnota analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu se p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159e\u010dte a p\u0159evede na vzd\u00e1lenost pomoc\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivky. P\u0159esnost t\u00e9to metody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na linearit\u011b analogov\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu a kvalit\u011b p\u0159evodu.<\/p>\n

Omezen\u00ed a \u00faskal\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Metody popsan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou je n\u00edzk\u00e1 p\u0159esnost a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. Vliv okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je odraz od p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, teplota a vlhkost, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt filtraci sign\u00e1lu, co\u017e d\u00e1le sni\u017euje p\u0159esnost. Pro komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace, jako je detekce v\u00edce objekt\u016f nebo p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, je pou\u017eit\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzor\u016f bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru je omezeno na jednoduch\u00e9 aplikace s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky na p\u0159esnost. Pro sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt mikrokontrol\u00e9r, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Metody popsan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e jsou vhodn\u00e9 pouze pro specifick\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9 \u00falohy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pou\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru je omezen\u00e9, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch provediteln\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco mikrokontrol\u00e9r umo\u017e\u0148uje komplexn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, existuj\u00ed metody, jak z\u00edskat z ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace bez n\u011bj. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na tyto metody a jejich limity. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho \u010dasova\u010de Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor bez mikrokontrol\u00e9ru,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}