{"id":58306,"date":"2023-04-22T01:30:09","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T06:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-use-piezoelectric-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:13:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:13:32","slug":"how-to-use-piezoelectric-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-use-piezoelectric-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory: N\u00e1vod k pou\u017eit\u00ed a aplikace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l a naopak. Jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, je d\u016fkazem jejich v\u0161estrannosti a spolehlivosti.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, od v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu a\u017e po jeho zapojen\u00ed a kalibraci.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9ho senzoru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci.  Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 parametry, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit, zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Typ piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu:<\/strong>  R\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. k\u0159emen, keramika, PZT) vykazuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako je citlivost, frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva a pracovn\u00ed teplota.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Citlivost:<\/strong> Ud\u00e1v\u00e1, jak velk\u00fd elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdstup generuje senzor p\u0159i dan\u00e9m mechanick\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.  Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed slab\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva:<\/strong> Ur\u010duje rozsah frekvenc\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 senzor reaguje efektivn\u011b.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybrat senzor s frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvou, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 frekvence m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch vibrac\u00ed nebo tlaku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong>  Ka\u017ed\u00fd senzor m\u00e1 omezen\u00fd rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, a to jak z hlediska s\u00edly, tak i frekvence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Velikost a tvar:<\/strong>  Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011bry senzoru ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jeho instalaci a kompatibilitu s dan\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Jednotka<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00fd rozsah<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Citlivost<\/td>\n<td>pC\/N, mV\/g<\/td>\n<td>1 pC\/N &#8211; 1000 pC\/N, 1 mV\/g &#8211; 100 mV\/g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva<\/td>\n<td>Hz<\/td>\n<td>1 Hz &#8211; 10 MHz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>N, g<\/td>\n<td>0,1 N &#8211; 10 kN, 1 g &#8211; 1000 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Zapojen\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory obvykle generuj\u00ed velmi slab\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 zes\u00edlit.  K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edzesilova\u010de, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed \u0161um a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  P\u0159edzesilova\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bn co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee senzoru, aby se minimalizoval vliv parazitn\u00edch kapacit.  Typick\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed zahrnuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Senzor:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00fd element s v\u00fdvody.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edzesilova\u010d:<\/strong>  Zesiluje slab\u00fd sign\u00e1l ze senzoru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk (ADC):<\/strong>  P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed analogov\u00fd sign\u00e1l na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed data pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat:<\/strong>  Software pro anal\u00fdzu a vizualizaci nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kalibrace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Kalibrace je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody kalibrace, od srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s referen\u010dn\u00edm standardem a\u017e po pou\u017eit\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00edch vah.  Kalibra\u010dn\u00ed postup z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu senzoru a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti.  Pravideln\u00e1 kalibrace je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro udr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v \u010dase.<\/p>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku:<\/strong>  V pneumatik\u00e1ch, hydraulick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, apod.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed:<\/strong>  V monitoringu stroj\u016f, konstrukc\u00ed, apod.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong>  V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, seismologii, apod.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku:<\/strong>  V l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, apod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed jejich vlastnost\u00ed a princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br senzoru, jeho zapojen\u00ed a pravideln\u00e1 kalibrace jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l a naopak. Jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, je d\u016fkazem jejich v\u0161estrannosti a spolehlivosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, od v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu a\u017e po jeho zapojen\u00ed a kalibraci. V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}