{"id":58311,"date":"2023-04-22T01:29:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T06:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-use-piezo-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:13:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:13:31","slug":"how-to-use-piezo-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-use-piezo-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezosenzory: Praktick\u00fd n\u00e1vod k pou\u017eit\u00ed a zapojen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou v\u0161estrann\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed. Od jednoduch\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jejich schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou energii a naopak je \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdmi. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, od jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f a\u017e po pokro\u010dil\u00e9 techniky zapojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Princip funkce piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na povrchu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, jako je k\u0159emen nebo keramika, v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1boj je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd velikosti s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na senzor. Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole na piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jeho mechanick\u00e9 deformaci. Tato obousm\u011brn\u00e1 konverze energie je z\u00e1kladem \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra pou\u017eit\u00ed piezo senzor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b detekce vibrac\u00ed, tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed a s\u00edly.<\/p>\n

Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f a jejich vlastnosti<\/h3>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se tvarem, materi\u00e1lem a citlivost\u00ed. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ senzoru<\/th>\nMateri\u00e1l<\/th>\nTyp detekovan\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu<\/th>\nCitlivost<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d tlaku<\/td>\nKeramika (PZT)<\/td>\nTlak<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 automatizace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd akcelerometr<\/td>\nK\u0159emen<\/td>\nZrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nDetekce vibrac\u00ed, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed stroj\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d s\u00edly<\/td>\nKeramika (PZT)<\/td>\nS\u00edla<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd mikrofony<\/td>\nKeramika (PZT)<\/td>\nZvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e vysok\u00e1<\/td>\nZ\u00e1znam zvuku, ultrazvukov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zapojen\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory generuj\u00ed n\u00e1boj, nikoli proud. Proto je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed obvody pro jeho zes\u00edlen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob zapojen\u00ed zahrnuje zapojen\u00ed senzoru p\u0159es kondenz\u00e1tor do opera\u010dn\u00edho zesilova\u010de v konfiguraci nabit\u00ed. Kondenz\u00e1tor slou\u017e\u00ed k filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161umu a integraci sign\u00e1lu. Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivosti a lep\u0161\u00edho pom\u011bru sign\u00e1l-\u0161um je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edzesilova\u010de s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161umem. V\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l je pak zpracov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159evodn\u00edku (ADC) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyhodnocen mikroprocesorem.<\/p>\n

Kalibrace a kompenzace teplotn\u00edch vliv\u016f<\/h3>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f je jejich kalibrace. Kalibrace spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ur\u010den\u00ed vztahu mezi mechanick\u00fdm vstupem a elektrick\u00fdm v\u00fdstupem. Tento vztah se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit v \u010dase a s teplotou. Teplotn\u00ed kompenzace je proto nezbytn\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody teplotn\u00ed kompenzace, od jednoduch\u00fdch line\u00e1rn\u00edch aproximac\u00ed a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 algoritmy.<\/p>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, medic\u00edny a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizace. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v syst\u00e9mech airbag\u016f, sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch a v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed spolehliv\u00fd a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed jejich princip\u016f funkce, zapojen\u00ed a kalibrace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jejich efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru aplikac\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch obvod\u016f a technologi\u00ed pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159esn\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou v\u0161estrann\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed. Od jednoduch\u00fdch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jejich schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou energii a naopak je \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdmi. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, od jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f a\u017e po pokro\u010dil\u00e9 techniky zapojen\u00ed. Princip funkce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58311\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}