{"id":58791,"date":"2023-04-22T00:47:44","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-turn-cooking-oil-into-diesel\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:12:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:12:27","slug":"how-to-turn-cooking-oil-into-diesel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-turn-cooking-oil-into-diesel\/","title":{"rendered":"Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch olej\u016f na bio-diesel: Kompletn\u00ed n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159em\u011bna kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch letech vzbuzuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem, a to z d\u016fvodu rostouc\u00edch cen paliv a snahy o vyu\u017eit\u00ed odpadn\u00edch produkt\u016f. Proces nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je technicky provediteln\u00fd. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis jednotliv\u00fdch krok\u016f tohoto procesu a na jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed\u00faprava pou\u017eit\u00e9ho oleje<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm krokem je d\u016fkladn\u00e1 p\u0159ed\u00faprava pou\u017eit\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje. Oleje z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm a obsahuj\u00ed ne\u010distoty, kter\u00e9 mohou proces p\u0159em\u011bny na naftu negativn\u011b ovlivnit. Je proto nutn\u00e9 olej nejprve p\u0159efiltrovat, aby se odstranily pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, zbytky potravin a voda. D\u016fkladn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed vody je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, proto\u017ee voda m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit korozi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinnost procesu. K filtraci lze pou\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody, od jednoduch\u00e9 filtrace p\u0159es s\u00edto a\u017e po pou\u017eit\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch filtra\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Transesterifikace \u2013 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd proces<\/p>\n

Transesterifikace je chemick\u00fd proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se triglyceridy v oleji reaguj\u00ed s alkoholem (obvykle methanolem nebo ethanolem) za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti katalyz\u00e1toru (nap\u0159. hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho). V\u00fdsledkem je sm\u011bs methylester\u016f mastn\u00fdch kyselin (FAME), kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed biopalivo podobn\u00e9 naft\u011b. Tento krok je nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f a teplot. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed transesterifikace m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k n\u00edzk\u00e9mu v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eku nebo vzniku ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Slo\u017eka<\/th>\nMno\u017estv\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9)<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Pou\u017eit\u00fd olej<\/td>\n10 litr\u016f<\/td>\nD\u016fkladn\u011b p\u0159efiltrovan\u00fd a zbaven\u00fd vody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methanol<\/td>\n1 litr<\/td>\nAbsolutn\u00ed \u010distota<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydroxid sodn\u00fd<\/td>\n40 gram\u016f<\/td>\nOpatrn\u011b s manipulac\u00ed!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Katalyz\u00e1tor (voliteln\u00fd)<\/td>\n5 gram\u016f<\/td>\nM\u016f\u017ee urychlit proces, ale nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

O\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a separace<\/p>\n

Po transesterifikaci je sm\u011bs nutn\u00e9 o\u010distit a separovat. Vznikne vrstva FAME (biodiesel) a vrstva glycerolu (vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt). Glycerol se d\u00e1 d\u00e1le zpracovat a vyu\u017e\u00edt v jin\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Separaci lze prov\u00e9st gravita\u010dn\u011b nebo pomoc\u00ed odst\u0159edivky. Kvalita separace v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho biodieselu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00faprava<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00fd biodiesel, i po o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nemus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat v\u0161echny po\u017eadavky na standardn\u00ed naftu. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody a ne\u010distot nebo \u00fapravu viskozity. Tyto \u00fapravy se mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na zdroji a kvalit\u011b pou\u017eit\u00e9ho oleje a na po\u017eadavc\u00edch na kone\u010dn\u00fd produkt.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody<\/p>\n

P\u0159em\u011bna kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na fosiln\u00edch palivech, vyu\u017eit\u00ed odpadu a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b proces je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na \u010das, vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd. Kvalita v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho biodieselu se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na mnoha faktorech.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159em\u011bna kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je technicky mo\u017en\u00e1, ale vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, p\u0159esn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed technologick\u00fdch postup\u016f a vhodn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na fosiln\u00edch palivech, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit i jej\u00ed nev\u00fdhody a zv\u00e1\u017eit ekonomickou efektivitu cel\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159em\u011bna kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch letech vzbuzuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem, a to z d\u016fvodu rostouc\u00edch cen paliv a snahy o vyu\u017eit\u00ed odpadn\u00edch produkt\u016f. Proces nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je technicky provediteln\u00fd. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis jednotliv\u00fdch krok\u016f tohoto procesu a na jeho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58791"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58791\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}