{"id":58972,"date":"2023-04-22T00:30:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-record-ultrasonic-sounds\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:11:57","slug":"how-to-record-ultrasonic-sounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-record-ultrasonic-sounds\/","title":{"rendered":"Nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuk\u016f: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1znam ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f p\u0159edstavuje specifickou v\u00fdzvu, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f ultrazvuku a pou\u017eit\u00ed specializovan\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Ultrazvuk, definovan\u00fd jako zvukov\u00e9 vlny s frekvenc\u00ed nad 20 kHz, je pro lidsk\u00e9 ucho nesly\u0161iteln\u00fd, a proto jeho zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdza vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na techniky a n\u00e1stroje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Druhy ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzor\u016f a jejich vlastnosti<\/p>\n

Pro z\u00e1znam ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f je nezbytn\u00fd vhodn\u00fd senzor, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako ultrazvukov\u00fd mikrofon nebo hydrofon (pro z\u00e1znam pod vodou). Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v citlivosti, frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahu a pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologii. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy zahrnuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory a kapacitn\u00ed senzory. Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, kdy se mechanick\u00e1 deformace materi\u00e1lu (zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 ultrazvukovou vlnou) m\u011bn\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Kapacitn\u00ed senzory m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bny kapacity v z\u00e1vislosti na pohybu membr\u00e1ny vystaven\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ senzoru<\/th>\nFrekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah (kHz)<\/th>\nCitlivost<\/th>\nV\u00fdhody<\/th>\nNev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\n20 – 1000+<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nRobustn\u00ed, \u0161irok\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\nCitlivost na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n20 – 1000<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hlu\u010dnost<\/td>\nCitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Z\u00e1znamov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a software<\/p>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00fd sign\u00e1l ze senzoru je obvykle velmi slab\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zesilova\u010de s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161umem, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Pro z\u00e1znam samotn\u00fd je pak pot\u0159eba zvukov\u00e1 karta s dostate\u010dn\u011b vysokou vzorkovac\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed (minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvojn\u00e1sobek nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1van\u00e9 frekvence, dle Nyquist-Shannonovy v\u011bty). Kvalitn\u00ed zvukov\u00e1 karta je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00e9 v\u011brnosti z\u00e1znamu. K dispozici je \u0159ada softwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro anal\u00fdzu a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zaznamenan\u00fdch dat, od jednoduch\u00fdch osciloskop\u016f a\u017e po komplexn\u00ed analytick\u00e9 programy.<\/p>\n

Kalibrace a redukce \u0161umu<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed samotn\u00fdm z\u00e1znamem je nezbytn\u00e1 kalibrace senzoru a cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, aby se zajistila p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Kalibrace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch ultrazvukov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f s p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdmi parametry. D\u00e1le je nutn\u00e9 minimalizovat vliv \u0161umu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee poch\u00e1zet z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako jsou elektrick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed, vibrace prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo teplotn\u00ed zm\u011bny. K redukci \u0161umu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky, nap\u0159\u00edklad filtrace sign\u00e1lu a averaging.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 aplikace a p\u0159\u00edklady<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1znam ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 diagnostiky (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kontroly (detekce vad v materi\u00e1lech), monitoringu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (detekov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at) a robotiky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysoce frekven\u010dn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 sondy pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. V pr\u016fmyslu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory pro detekci net\u011bsnost\u00ed v potrub\u00edch nebo pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky materi\u00e1l\u016f. Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu t\u011bchto zvuk\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zvolit spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a postupy.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1znam ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a znalosti. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br senzor\u016f, z\u00e1znamov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a softwaru, stejn\u011b jako d\u016fkladn\u00e1 kalibrace a redukce \u0161umu, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch a spolehliv\u00fdch dat. Pochopen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f ultrazvuku je nezbytn\u00e9 pro interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f a efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch informac\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1znam ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f p\u0159edstavuje specifickou v\u00fdzvu, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f ultrazvuku a pou\u017eit\u00ed specializovan\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Ultrazvuk, definovan\u00fd jako zvukov\u00e9 vlny s frekvenc\u00ed nad 20 kHz, je pro lidsk\u00e9 ucho nesly\u0161iteln\u00fd, a proto jeho zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdza vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na techniky a n\u00e1stroje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f. Druhy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}