{"id":59172,"date":"2023-04-22T00:10:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sound-device\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:11:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:11:31","slug":"how-to-make-ultrasonic-sound-device","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sound-device\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdroba ultrazvukov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete vyrobit doma, a\u010dkoliv je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee konstrukce v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky a bezpe\u010dnosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a kroky k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho emitoru. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee intenzivn\u00ed ultrazvuk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro sluch a tk\u00e1n\u011b, proto je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a pracovat s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi v\u00fdkony.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d. Tento element p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed elektrickou energii na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed ultrazvuk. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezoelektrick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi frekvencemi a v\u00fdkony. Pro jednoduch\u00e9 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed posta\u010d\u00ed levn\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d dostupn\u00fd v elektronick\u00fdch obchodech. Frekvence by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v rozmez\u00ed 20 kHz \u2013 40 kHz, co\u017e je oblast sly\u0161iteln\u00e1 pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ale pro lidsk\u00e9 ucho nesly\u0161iteln\u00e1. Parametry m\u011bni\u010de, jako je impedance a rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence, jsou kritick\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd provoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nHodnota (p\u0159\u00edklad)<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Frekvence<\/td>\n40 kHz<\/td>\n\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence, t\u00edm krat\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Impedance<\/td>\n50 \u03a9<\/td>\nD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed obvodu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozm\u011bry<\/td>\n10 x 10 mm<\/td>\nOvliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdkon a sm\u011brovost ultrazvuku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n10 V<\/td>\nNesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010deno, hroz\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d vy\u017eaduje k provozu st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed o frekvenci odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jeho rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci. K tomu lze pou\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory sign\u00e1lu. Jednoduch\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze postavit s pomoc\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru (nap\u0159. Arduino) a jeho knihovny pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed PWM sign\u00e1lu. Alternativn\u011b lze pou\u017e\u00edt i hotov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd v elektronick\u00fdch obchodech. Nastaven\u00ed frekvence je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n

Zesilova\u010d (voliteln\u00e9)<\/p>\n

Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzity ultrazvuku je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt zesilova\u010d. Zesilova\u010d zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed amplitutu sign\u00e1lu a t\u00edm i v\u00fdkon ultrazvukov\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybrat zesilova\u010d s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed impedanc\u00ed a v\u00fdkonem, aby nedo\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de nebo zesilova\u010de. Pou\u017eit\u00ed zesilova\u010de zvy\u0161uje riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed sluchu a tk\u00e1n\u00ed, a proto je nutn\u00e9 zachov\u00e1vat zv\u00fd\u0161enou opatrnost.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce a zapojen\u00ed<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d je nutn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b zapojit do obvodu. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eet polaritu a dodr\u017eet doporu\u010den\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pro jednoduchou konstrukci lze pou\u017e\u00edt plo\u0161n\u00fd spoj nebo klasick\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed na desce s kontaktn\u00edmi svorkami. M\u011bni\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt upevn\u011bn pevn\u011b a stabiln\u011b, aby se minimalizovaly vibrace a zlep\u0161ila se sm\u011brovost ultrazvuku. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed zesilova\u010de je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s ultrazvukov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi je nezbytn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Intenzivn\u00ed ultrazvuk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro sluch a tk\u00e1n\u011b. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdkony je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, jako jsou sluch\u00e1tka s tlumen\u00edm ultrazvuku. D\u00e1le je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se vyvarovat dlouhodob\u00e9 expozici ultrazvuku.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 s trochou technick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a dostupn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek sestavit. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed aplikace a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkony je nutn\u00e9 se obr\u00e1tit na odborn\u00edky. Experimentujte zodpov\u011bdn\u011b a s respektem k bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete vyrobit doma, a\u010dkoliv je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee konstrukce v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky a bezpe\u010dnosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a kroky k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho emitoru. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee intenzivn\u00ed ultrazvuk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro sluch a tk\u00e1n\u011b, proto je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a pracovat s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59172"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59172\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}