{"id":59202,"date":"2023-04-22T00:07:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:11:25","slug":"how-to-make-ultrasonic-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Gener\u00e1tor ultrazvuku: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizace p\u0159es medic\u00ednu a\u017e po \u010dist\u011bn\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip jejich funkce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, tedy zvukov\u00fdch vln s frekvenc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20 kHz, kter\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ucho nedok\u00e1\u017ee vn\u00edmat. Konstrukce takov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru v\u0161ak nen\u00ed trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch a akustick\u00fdch princip\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis postupu v\u00fdroby jednoduch\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de<\/p>\n

Srdcem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru je piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d. Tento element p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed elektrickou energii na mechanickou vibraci a naopak. V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de je kritick\u00fd, jeliko\u017e jeho vlastnosti, jako je rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence a v\u00fdkon, p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vlastnosti generovan\u00e9ho ultrazvuku. Na trhu je dostupn\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la m\u011bni\u010d\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi parametry. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zvolit m\u011bni\u010d s frekvenc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu rozsahu ultrazvuku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nJednotka<\/th>\nHodnota (p\u0159\u00edklad)<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence<\/td>\nkHz<\/td>\n40<\/td>\nZvolte frekvenci dle po\u017eadovan\u00e9 aplikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pr\u016fm\u011br<\/td>\nmm<\/td>\n20<\/td>\nOvliv\u0148uje intenzitu a rozptyl ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\nV<\/td>\n10<\/td>\nNesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekro\u010deno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon<\/td>\nW<\/td>\n5<\/td>\nUr\u010duje intenzitu ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu<\/p>\n

K pohonu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de je nutn\u00fd gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu s frekvenc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci m\u011bni\u010de. Tento gener\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch obvod\u016f, od jednoduch\u00fdch oscil\u00e1tor\u016f a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory. Pro jednoduch\u00fd prototyp posta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed 555 \u010dasova\u010de s vhodn\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm frekvence. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit stabilitu frekvence, jeliko\u017e i mal\u00e9 odchylky mohou v\u00e9st k nestabilit\u011b v\u00fdkonu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n

Zesilova\u010d<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de v\u011bt\u0161inou vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 amplitudy vibrac\u00ed. Proto je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt zesilova\u010d, kter\u00fd zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l gener\u00e1toru. V\u00fdb\u011br zesilova\u010de z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru a na charakteristik\u00e1ch piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zvolit zesilova\u010d s dostate\u010dnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou p\u00e1sma a s ochranou proti p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/p>\n

Ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor vy\u017eaduje stabiln\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi parametry. Nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud by m\u011bly b\u00fdt voleny dle po\u017eadavk\u016f zesilova\u010de a piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit dostate\u010dnou filtraci nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo ru\u0161en\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce a zapojen\u00ed<\/p>\n

Po v\u00fdb\u011bru a ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ech komponent je nutn\u00e9 je spr\u00e1vn\u011b zapojit a um\u00edstit do vhodn\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 db\u00e1t na mechanickou stabilitu konstrukce a na ochranu p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy. Piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt upevn\u011bn tak, aby se minimalizovaly ztr\u00e1ty vibrac\u00ed. Pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace, jako je ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 zkonstruovat vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stavec pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de a p\u0159edm\u011btu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee konstrukce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch a akustick\u00fdch princip\u016f a pe\u010dliv\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br komponent. Dodr\u017een\u00edm uveden\u00fdch krok\u016f a s trochou zru\u010dnosti lze sestrojit funk\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace. Experimentujte s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi parametry, abyste dos\u00e1hli optim\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdkonu va\u0161eho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizace p\u0159es medic\u00ednu a\u017e po \u010dist\u011bn\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip jejich funkce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, tedy zvukov\u00fdch vln s frekvenc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20 kHz, kter\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ucho nedok\u00e1\u017ee vn\u00edmat. Konstrukce takov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru v\u0161ak nen\u00ed trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch a akustick\u00fdch princip\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59202"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59202\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}