{"id":59247,"date":"2023-04-22T00:02:55","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-material\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:11:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:11:19","slug":"how-to-make-piezoelectric-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-material\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdroba piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak.  Tato schopnost nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce sofistikovan\u00e9 senzory a aktu\u00e1tory.  V\u00fdroba t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis procesu v\u00fdroby piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdroby piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vyrobit piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed metody zalo\u017een\u00e9 na r\u016fstu monokrystal\u016f a na keramick\u00e9 technologii.  R\u016fst monokrystal\u016f je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd vede k materi\u00e1l\u016fm s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi, zat\u00edmco keramick\u00e1 technologie umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobu ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, i kdy\u017e s m\u00edrn\u011b hor\u0161\u00edmi parametry.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda r\u016fstu monokrystal\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pomal\u00e9m r\u016fstu krystal\u016f z roztaven\u00e9 f\u00e1ze nebo z roztoku.  Nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou je metoda Czochralsk\u00e9ho, kde se krystal pomalu vytahuje z roztaven\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b.  Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je precizn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed teploty a rychlosti vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se dos\u00e1hlo homogenn\u00edho a bezvadn\u00e9ho krystalu.  V\u00fdsledkem jsou monokrystaly s vysokou piezoelektrickou aktivitou, ale proces je drah\u00fd a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00e1 technologie<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00e1 technologie je ekonomicky v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobu piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed.  Z\u00e1kladem je sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed jemn\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u0161k\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) nebo zirkon\u00e1t-titan\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd (PZT).  Sm\u011bs se lisuje do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se vypaluje p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.  Teplotn\u00ed profil a doba v\u00fdpalu jsou kritick\u00e9 parametry ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.  Po vyp\u00e1len\u00ed se keramika \u010dasto je\u0161t\u011b polarizuje p\u016fsoben\u00edm siln\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole, aby se zlep\u0161ila jej\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e1 odezva.<\/p>\n<p>Polarizace piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramiky<\/p>\n<p>Polarizace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm krokem p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b piezoelektrick\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.  Tento proces spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v aplikaci siln\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole na keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b.  Pole uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 dip\u00f3lov\u00e9 momenty v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece a tak indukuje piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Bez polarizace keramika nevykazuje piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (d33) [pC\/N]<\/th>\n<th>Teplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BaTiO\u2083<\/td>\n<td>1000-5000<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>1000-3000<\/td>\n<td>300-700<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kvarc<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2,3<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Modifikace vlastnost\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f lze modifikovat p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsad do v\u00fdchoz\u00ed sm\u011bsi.  To umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat materi\u00e1l pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch kov\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it mechanickou pevnost, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f je komplexn\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje precizn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mnoha parametr\u016f.  A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o metodu r\u016fstu monokrystal\u016f nebo keramickou technologii, c\u00edlem je dos\u00e1hnout homogenn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu s vysokou piezoelektrickou aktivitou.  Mo\u017enosti modifikace vlastnost\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed optimalizovat materi\u00e1l pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace, od senzor\u016f vibrac\u00ed a\u017e po aktu\u00e1tory v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ty od spole\u010dnosti Beijing Ultrasonic (pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b absolutn\u00ed pot\u0159eby zm\u00ednky o zna\u010dce).  V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v oblasti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f pokra\u010duje a neust\u00e1le se objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s vylep\u0161en\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak. Tato schopnost nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce sofistikovan\u00e9 senzory a aktu\u00e1tory. V\u00fdroba t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed popis procesu v\u00fdroby piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Zp\u016fsoby<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59247\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}