{"id":59347,"date":"2023-04-21T23:52:29","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-homemade-ultrasound-machine\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:10:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:10:58","slug":"how-to-make-homemade-ultrasound-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-homemade-ultrasound-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"Dom\u00e1c\u00ed ultrazvuk: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj: Realistick\u00fd projekt?<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje doma je zna\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziky.  P\u0159esto\u017ee se na internetu objevuj\u00ed n\u00e1vody slibuj\u00edc\u00ed jednoduchou konstrukci,  realita je podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se pokus\u00ed nast\u00ednit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s touto ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed snahou.  Mnoho krok\u016f vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a znalosti, kter\u00e9 jsou pro amat\u00e9ra nedostupn\u00e9.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba ultrazvukov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje s l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u0159esnost\u00ed je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ultrazvuku<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vys\u00edla\u010de a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Tyto vlny se odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed od r\u016fzn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u011ble s r\u016fznou intenzitou.  Odra\u017een\u00e9 vlny jsou pot\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1ny a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bny na obraz. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat elektrickou energii na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvuk) a naopak.  Kvalita obrazu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na frekvenci ultrazvuku, citlivosti p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 komponenty<\/h3>\n<p>Sestaven\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje mnoho komponent, jejich\u017e sehn\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.  Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d:<\/strong>  Tento prvek je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Jeho kvalita p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu obrazu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zesilova\u010d:<\/strong>  Pro zes\u00edlen\u00ed slab\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010dem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk (ADC):<\/strong>  P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed analogov\u00fd sign\u00e1l z p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed data pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mikroprocesor:<\/strong>  Zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 data z ADC a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obraz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obrazovka:<\/strong>  Pro zobrazen\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed:<\/strong>  Stabiln\u00ed zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed pro v\u0161echny komponenty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Software:<\/strong>  Pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hardwaru a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Komponenta<\/th>\n<th>Obt\u00ed\u017enost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Cena (orienta\u010dn\u00ed)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>1000 &#8211; 5000 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zesilova\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>500 &#8211; 2000 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ADC<\/td>\n<td>Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>300 &#8211; 1000 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mikroprocesor<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>500 &#8211; 2000 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obrazovka<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>1000 &#8211; 5000 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu je nejsp\u00ed\u0161e nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed projektu.  Je nutn\u00e9 napsat software, kter\u00fd bude komunikovat s hardwarem, filtrovat \u0161um, kompenzovat zkreslen\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159et obraz.  To vy\u017eaduje pokro\u010dil\u00e9 znalosti programov\u00e1n\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aspekty<\/h3>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd a vyroben\u00fd ultrazvukov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.  Nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00e1 intenzita ultrazvuku m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit tk\u00e1n\u011b.  Proto je tento projekt vhodn\u00fd pouze pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 elektroniky s hlubok\u00fdmi znalostmi v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v\u00fdroba funk\u010dn\u00edho dom\u00e1c\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje je extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a pro v\u011bt\u0161inu amat\u00e9r\u016f nere\u00e1ln\u00e1.  Projekt vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziky, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edstup ke specializovan\u00e9mu vybaven\u00ed.  Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika spojen\u00e1 s nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm ultrazvuku d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017enost a rizikovost cel\u00e9ho procesu.  Pro diagnostick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely je v\u017edy nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj: Realistick\u00fd projekt? Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje doma je zna\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziky. P\u0159esto\u017ee se na internetu objevuj\u00ed n\u00e1vody slibuj\u00edc\u00ed jednoduchou konstrukci, realita je podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se pokus\u00ed nast\u00ednit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s touto ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed snahou. Mnoho krok\u016f vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a znalosti,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}