{"id":59352,"date":"2023-04-21T23:51:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-homemade-ultrasonic-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:10:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:10:58","slug":"how-to-make-homemade-ultrasonic-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-homemade-ultrasonic-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de: Podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdroba dom\u00e1c\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 znalosti z oblasti akustiky, elektroniky a materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd.  Nen\u00ed to projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 kutily s p\u0159\u00edstup k pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm a materi\u00e1l\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uskute\u010dniteln\u00fd.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek poskytuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vod, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit \u00fasp\u011bch.  V\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd a m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00fd ne\u017e komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 produkty.<\/p>\n<h3>Volba piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd element, kter\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed elektrickou energii na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak.  Pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobu jsou nejdostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 disky, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed zakoupit online.  Kvalita a vlastnosti t\u011bchto disk\u016f se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si p\u0159ed n\u00e1kupem ov\u011b\u0159it jejich specifikace, zejm\u00e9na rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci.  Je nutn\u00e9 zvolit materi\u00e1l s frekvenc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Impedance (\u03a9)<\/th>\n<th>K\u0159ehkost<\/th>\n<th>Dostupnost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT-4<\/td>\n<td>100-500<\/td>\n<td>200-500<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT-5A<\/td>\n<td>50-200<\/td>\n<td>100-300<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT-8<\/td>\n<td>20-100<\/td>\n<td>50-200<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Konstrukce a sestaven\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd disk je nutn\u00e9 upevnit do vhodn\u00e9 konstrukce, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed jeho optim\u00e1ln\u00ed vibrace.  Jednoduch\u00e1 konstrukce m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat zalit\u00ed disku do prysky\u0159ice nebo lepidla.  Pro lep\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost je v\u0161ak vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt rezonan\u010dn\u00ed dutinu, kter\u00e1 maximalizuje amplituda vibrac\u00ed.  To vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty rozm\u011br\u016f dutiny na z\u00e1klad\u011b rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence piezoelektrick\u00e9ho disku.<\/p>\n<p>Tvar dutiny ovliv\u0148uje sm\u011brovost ultrazvukov\u00e9ho paprsku.  Ku\u017eelovit\u00e1 dutina produkuje v\u00edce sm\u011brov\u00fd paprsek, zat\u00edmco ploch\u00e1 dutina produkuje paprsek s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm rozptylem.  V\u00fdb\u011br tvaru dutiny z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 aplikaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Elektronick\u00e1 zapojen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>K pohonu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku je pot\u0159eba gener\u00e1tor vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu.  Jednoduch\u00fd gener\u00e1tor se d\u00e1 postavit pomoc\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru (nap\u0159. Arduino) a vhodn\u00e9ho obvodu.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b \u0159\u00eddit nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kozen\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho elementu.  Je tak\u00e9 pot\u0159eba zvolit vhodnou impedanci obvodu tak, aby byl p\u0159enos energie co nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Hotov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d je nutn\u00e9 kalibrovat a otestovat.  To zahrnuje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jeho rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed intenzity.  Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed intenzity ultrazvuku se daj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje, ale pro orienta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt hydrofon nebo jednoduch\u00fd senzor.  V\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed by se m\u011bly porovnat se specifikacemi piezoelektrick\u00e9ho disku.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba dom\u00e1c\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale pou\u010dn\u00fd proces.  I kdy\u017e v\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d nemus\u00ed dosahovat parametr\u016f komer\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f, poskytuje cenn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v oblasti akustiky, elektroniky a materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd.  D\u016fkladn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava a pe\u010dliv\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u00fasp\u011bchu.  Je nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 manipulace s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi prvky m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdroba dom\u00e1c\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 znalosti z oblasti akustiky, elektroniky a materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd. Nen\u00ed to projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 kutily s p\u0159\u00edstup k pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm a materi\u00e1l\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uskute\u010dniteln\u00fd. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek poskytuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vod, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit \u00fasp\u011bch. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd a m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59352\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}