{"id":59517,"date":"2023-04-21T23:39:12","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-homemade-pressure-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:10:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:10:36","slug":"how-to-make-homemade-pressure-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-homemade-pressure-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Tvorba dom\u00e1c\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho senzoru: n\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvorba dom\u00e1c\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho senzoru je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje elektroniku, mechaniku a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed principy.  Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol, ale s pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdm know-how a dostupn\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami je dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd i pro nad\u0161en\u00e9 amat\u00e9ry.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na n\u011bkolik metod, jak si vyrobit vlastn\u00ed tlakov\u00fd senzor doma, s ohledem na dostupnost materi\u00e1l\u016f a relativn\u00ed jednoduchost konstrukce.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip v\u011bt\u0161iny tlakov\u00fdch senzor\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed deformace materi\u00e1lu v d\u016fsledku p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho tlaku. Tato deformace se pak p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd velikosti tlaku.  K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a metody, od jednoduch\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f po sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed piezoresistivn\u00ed a kapacitn\u00ed senzory.  Jednoduch\u00e9 senzory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dasto zm\u011bnu odporu materi\u00e1lu v z\u00e1vislosti na deformaci, zat\u00edmco sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed senzory m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bny kapacity nebo piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu.<\/p>\n<h3>Senzor zalo\u017een\u00fd na zm\u011bn\u011b odporu<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vytvo\u0159it dom\u00e1c\u00ed tlakov\u00fd senzor, je pou\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, jeho\u017e odpor se m\u011bn\u00ed s tlakem.  Dobr\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tem je uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 pasta, kter\u00e1 se snadno nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a jej\u00ed\u017e odpor se m\u011bn\u00ed s mechanick\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm.  Princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 pasta nanese na flexibiln\u00ed podklad (nap\u0159\u00edklad tenkou f\u00f3lii), kter\u00fd se pak deformuje vlivem tlaku. Zm\u011bna odporu se pak m\u011b\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ohmmetru.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 pasta<\/td>\n<td>Snadn\u00e1 manipulace, n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoresistivn\u00ed materi\u00e1l<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost, lep\u0161\u00ed linearita<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena, slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed manipulace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Senzor s membr\u00e1nou a potenciometrem<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed metoda vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 membr\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 se prohne pod tlakem.  K membr\u00e1n\u011b je p\u0159ipevn\u011bn potenciometr, jeho\u017e poloha se m\u011bn\u00ed s prohnut\u00edm membr\u00e1ny.  T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se mechanick\u00e1 deformace p\u0159evede na zm\u011bnu odporu potenciometru, kter\u00fd lze snadno zm\u011b\u0159it.  Jako membr\u00e1na lze pou\u017e\u00edt tenkou gumu nebo silikon.  P\u0159esnost tohoto senzoru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kvalit\u011b potenciometru a tuhosti membr\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Nez\u00e1visle na zvolen\u00e9 metod\u011b je nezbytn\u00e1 kalibrace senzoru.  To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je t\u0159eba zjistit vztah mezi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem a skute\u010dnou hodnotou tlaku.  K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kalibra\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159esn\u00fd tlakom\u011br.  Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty se pak zaznamenaj\u00ed a z nich se vytvo\u0159\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivka.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdroba dom\u00e1c\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho senzoru je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale obohacuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt.  V\u00fdsledn\u00fd senzor nemus\u00ed dosahovat p\u0159esnosti komer\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale pro mnoho amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed je dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00ed.  V\u00fdb\u011br konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed metody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech, po\u017eadovan\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti a technick\u00fdch znalostech konstrukt\u00e9ra.  Experimentujte a objevujte!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tvorba dom\u00e1c\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho senzoru je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje elektroniku, mechaniku a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed principy. Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol, ale s pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdm know-how a dostupn\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami je dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd i pro nad\u0161en\u00e9 amat\u00e9ry. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na n\u011bkolik metod, jak si vyrobit vlastn\u00ed tlakov\u00fd senzor doma, s ohledem na dostupnost materi\u00e1l\u016f a relativn\u00ed jednoduchost konstrukce. Princip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59517"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59517\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}