{"id":59532,"date":"2023-04-21T23:38:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:38:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-homemade-piezoelectric-crystals\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:10:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:10:35","slug":"how-to-make-homemade-piezoelectric-crystals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-homemade-piezoelectric-crystals\/","title":{"rendered":"Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f: n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f doma je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti chemie, fyziky a precizn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Nejedn\u00e1 se o projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, a i s pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi znalostmi je \u00fasp\u011bch zaru\u010den jen s velkou d\u00e1vkou trp\u011blivosti a preciznosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a postupy, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nep\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1vod s garanc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 a je nutn\u00e9 s chemik\u00e1liemi pracovat opatrn\u011b a v souladu s platn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161echny materi\u00e1ly vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad olovnato-zirkonato-titani\u010dit\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l (PZT). Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba PZT je v\u0161ak extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a znalosti vysokoteplotn\u00ed keramiky. Alternativou, i kdy\u017e s v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed efektivitou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt k\u0159emen. K\u0159emen je relativn\u011b snadn\u011bji dostupn\u00fd, ale jeho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed do piezoelektrick\u00e9 formy vy\u017eaduje vysokou p\u0159esnost brou\u0161en\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nPiezoelektrick\u00e1 efektivita<\/th>\nDostupnost<\/th>\nSlo\u017eitost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
PZT keramika<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nVelmi vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0159emen<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Seignetov\u00e1 s\u016fl<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava a r\u016fst krystal\u016f (na p\u0159\u00edkladu k\u0159emene)<\/p>\n

R\u016fst krystal\u016f k\u0159emene je proces, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 v hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee k\u0159emen se rozpou\u0161t\u00ed v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pomalu krystalizuje p\u0159i ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed roztoku. Tento proces vy\u017eaduje autokl\u00e1v, kter\u00fd je schopen odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm tlak\u016fm a teplot\u00e1m (n\u011bkolik set stup\u0148\u016f Celsia). Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba autokl\u00e1vu je extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a nedoporu\u010duje se. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 krystaly budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mal\u00e9 a nepravideln\u00e9. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zajistit \u010distotu vody a k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro maximalizaci kvality krystal\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed krystal\u016f<\/p>\n

Po vylou\u010den\u00ed krystal\u016f je nutn\u00e9 je opatrn\u011b vyjmout z roztoku a pe\u010dliv\u011b o\u010distit. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed. Krystal je nutn\u00e9 opracovat do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru a velikosti, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje a vybaven\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159esn\u00e9 brusky a pilky. Precizn\u00ed \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a brou\u0161en\u00ed je kritick\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 odezvy. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k po\u0161kozen\u00ed krystalu a ztr\u00e1t\u011b piezoelektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu<\/p>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, zda vyroben\u00fd krystal vykazuje piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, se prov\u00e1d\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje generovan\u00e9ho p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. stla\u010den\u00ed). K tomuto \u00fa\u010delu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed citliv\u00fd elektrometr a vhodn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a spojen\u00e1 s riziky. \u00dasp\u011bch je velmi nejist\u00fd, a proto se jedn\u00e1 o projekt sp\u00ed\u0161e pro zku\u0161en\u00e9 experiment\u00e1tory s dostupn\u00fdm specializovan\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm a znalostmi. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu aplikac\u00ed je mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zakoupit hotov\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 komponenty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f doma je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti chemie, fyziky a precizn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Nejedn\u00e1 se o projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, a i s pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi znalostmi je \u00fasp\u011bch zaru\u010den jen s velkou d\u00e1vkou trp\u011blivosti a preciznosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a postupy, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nep\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1vod s garanc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 a je<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59532\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}