{"id":59757,"date":"2023-04-21T23:18:30","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T04:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-diesel-from-cooking-oil\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:09:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:09:57","slug":"how-to-make-diesel-from-cooking-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-diesel-from-cooking-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba bionafty z pou\u017eit\u00fdch olej\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159em\u011bna pou\u017eit\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol a jeho \u00fasp\u011bch z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, od kvality surov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a\u017e po p\u0159esnost pou\u017eit\u00fdch postup\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje kroky nutn\u00e9 pro tuto transformaci.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava pou\u017eit\u00e9ho oleje<\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edve je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00fd kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd olej d\u016fkladn\u011b vy\u010distit od zbytk\u016f potravin a jin\u00fdch ne\u010distot. To se prov\u00e1d\u00ed filtrac\u00ed p\u0159es n\u011bkolik vrstev filtra\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru nebo textiln\u00ed l\u00e1tky. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je odstranit ve\u0161kerou vodu, kter\u00e1 by mohla v\u00e9st k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm reakc\u00edm b\u011bhem procesu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Oleje s vysok\u00fdm obsahem voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm neutralizaci, nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed louhu sodn\u00e9ho. Kvalita vstupn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n

Proces transesterifikace<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je transesterifikace, chemick\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed triglyceridy v oleji na methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin (FAME), biopalivo podobn\u00e9 naft\u011b. K tomuto procesu je nutn\u00fd alkohol (obvykle methanol) a katalyz\u00e1tor (nap\u0159\u00edklad hydroxid sodn\u00fd). Reakce prob\u00edh\u00e1 za kontrolovan\u00fdch teplotn\u00edch a tlakov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pom\u011bry surovin a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 kontrola procesu mohou v\u00e9st k n\u00edzk\u00e9mu v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eku nebo ke vzniku ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Slo\u017eka<\/th>\nMno\u017estv\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9)<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Pou\u017eit\u00fd olej<\/td>\n10 litr\u016f<\/td>\nDob\u0159e o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd a filtrovan\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methanol<\/td>\n1 litr<\/td>\nAnhydrick\u00fd (bezvod\u00fd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydroxid sodn\u00fd<\/td>\n40 gram\u016f<\/td>\nPou\u017e\u00edvejte ochrann\u00e9 rukavice a br\u00fdle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Separace a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n

Po transesterifikaci vznikne sm\u011bs methylester\u016f, glycerolu a zbytk\u016f katalyz\u00e1toru. Glycerol, hust\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e FAME, se usad\u00ed na dn\u011b n\u00e1doby. Odd\u011blen\u00ed obou f\u00e1z\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed dekantac\u00ed nebo centrifugac\u00ed. FAME se pot\u00e9 d\u00e1le \u010dist\u00ed, aby se odstranily zbytky glycerolu, alkoholu a katalyz\u00e1toru. Kvalitn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho biopaliva.<\/p>\n

Su\u0161en\u00ed a \u00faprava<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm v dieselov\u00e9m motoru je nutn\u00e9 FAME d\u016fkladn\u011b usu\u0161it, aby se odstranila zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed vlhkost. Su\u0161en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed obvykle pomoc\u00ed desikantu nebo zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se prov\u00e1d\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed \u00faprava, nap\u0159\u00edklad odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin nebo zlep\u0161en\u00ed cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uje spalov\u00e1n\u00ed v motoru.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

P\u0159em\u011bna pou\u017eit\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 znalosti chemie a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch postup\u016f. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 pom\u011bry surovin a kontrolovat pr\u016fb\u011bh reakce. Kvalita v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho biopaliva z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pe\u010dlivosti jednotliv\u00fdch krok\u016f. A\u010dkoli je to mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st i doma, je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na bezpe\u010dnost a pou\u017e\u00edvat vhodn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky. Pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objemy v\u00fdroby je doporu\u010deno pou\u017e\u00edt profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed vybaven\u00ed a postupy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159em\u011bna pou\u017eit\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho oleje na naftu je proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol a jeho \u00fasp\u011bch z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, od kvality surov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a\u017e po p\u0159esnost pou\u017eit\u00fdch postup\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje kroky nutn\u00e9 pro tuto transformaci. P\u0159\u00edprava pou\u017eit\u00e9ho oleje Nejd\u0159\u00edve je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00fd kuchy\u0148sk\u00fd olej d\u016fkladn\u011b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59757\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}