{"id":59978,"date":"2023-04-21T22:55:47","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T03:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:09:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:09:24","slug":"how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"Sonar doma: Postup v\u00fdroby vlastn\u00edho sonaru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sonarov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed si doma vyrobit nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b snadn\u00e9, ale s trochou zru\u010dnosti a dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed m\u011b\u0159it vzd\u00e1lenosti pomoc\u00ed ultrazvuku. Ne\u010dekejte profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esnost, ale v\u00fdsledek bude dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed experimenty a demonstraci principu.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/h3>\n

K sestaven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho sonarov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budete pot\u0159ebovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed komponenty:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sou\u010d\u00e1stka<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\nZdroj\/Pozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\nVys\u00edl\u00e1 a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.<\/td>\nNap\u0159. HC-SR04, dostupn\u00fd online u mnoha dodavatel\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arduino Uno (nebo podobn\u00e9)<\/td>\nMikro\u0159adi\u010d pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.<\/td>\nSnadno dostupn\u00fd online i v elektronick\u00fdch obchodech<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj (5V)<\/td>\nPro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed Arduina a ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/td>\nUSB adapt\u00e9r, baterie 5V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jumper kabely<\/td>\nPro propojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breadboard<\/td>\nPro snadnou a bezp\u00e1jkovou mont\u00e1\u017e.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odpor (voliteln\u00e9)<\/td>\nPro ochranu Arduina (v z\u00e1vislosti na sn\u00edma\u010di).<\/td>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zapojen\u00ed obvodu<\/h3>\n

Zapojen\u00ed je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. Ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d m\u00e1 obvykle 4 piny: VCC, GND, Trig a Echo. Spojte je s Arduinem n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • VCC:<\/strong> 5V pin na Arduinu<\/li>\n
  • GND:<\/strong> GND pin na Arduinu<\/li>\n
  • Trig:<\/strong> libovoln\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pin na Arduinu (nap\u0159. pin 7)<\/li>\n
  • Echo:<\/strong> libovoln\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pin na Arduinu (nap\u0159. pin 8)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Pou\u017e\u00edvejte jumper kabely pro spojen\u00ed. Pokud je to nutn\u00e9, pou\u017eijte vhodn\u00fd odpor pro ochranu Arduina. V\u00edce informac\u00ed o zapojen\u00ed najdete v datasheetu va\u0161eho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n

    Programov\u00e1n\u00ed Arduina<\/h3>\n

    K programov\u00e1n\u00ed Arduina budete pot\u0159ebovat Arduino IDE. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00f3d m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost a vyp\u00ed\u0161e ji na s\u00e9riov\u00fd monitor:<\/p>\n

    const int trigPin = 7;\nconst int echoPin = 8;\n\nvoid setup() {\n  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);\n  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);\n  Serial.begin(9600);\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  long duration, distance;\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n  delayMicroseconds(2);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);\n  delayMicroseconds(10);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);\n  distance = duration * 0.034 \/ 2;\n  Serial.print(\"Distance: \");\n  Serial.println(distance);\n  delay(100);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Tento k\u00f3d vys\u00edl\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00fd ultrazvukov\u00fd impuls a m\u011b\u0159\u00ed dobu, ne\u017e se vr\u00e1t\u00ed echo.  Z t\u00e9to doby se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost.  Konstanta 0.034 reprezentuje rychlost zvuku ve vzduchu v cm\/\u00b5s.<\/p>\n
    Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
    Po nahr\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du do Arduina a zapojen\u00ed v\u0161ech sou\u010d\u00e1stek spus\u0165te s\u00e9riov\u00fd monitor.  M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bno okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm (teplota, vlhkost).  Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f doporu\u010dujeme kalibraci pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka.  Zkuste zm\u011b\u0159it vzd\u00e1lenosti na r\u016fzn\u00e9 objekty a porovnejte je s re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi hodnotami.<\/p>\n
    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n
    Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed doma je uskute\u010dniteln\u00fd projekt, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt princip\u016fm ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie.  P\u0159esnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt perfektn\u00ed, ale posta\u010duje pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed experimenty a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.  Nezapome\u0148te se \u0159\u00eddit bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi pokyny p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s elektronikou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Sonarov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed si doma vyrobit nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b snadn\u00e9, ale s trochou zru\u010dnosti a dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed m\u011b\u0159it vzd\u00e1lenosti pomoc\u00ed ultrazvuku. Ne\u010dekejte profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esnost, ale v\u00fdsledek bude dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed experimenty a demonstraci principu. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky K sestaven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59978"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59978\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}