{"id":59993,"date":"2023-04-21T22:54:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T03:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-a-signal-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:09:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:09:19","slug":"how-to-make-a-signal-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-a-signal-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1l\u016f: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem pro kutily"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu je nepostradateln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v mnoha oblastech elektroniky, od v\u00fdvoje a testov\u00e1n\u00ed obvod\u016f a\u017e po vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a hobby projekty.  Jeho konstrukce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednoduch\u00e1 i velmi komplexn\u00ed, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametrech v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k tvorb\u011b gener\u00e1toru sign\u00e1lu a na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 jsou pro jeho funk\u010dnost nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy gener\u00e1toru sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu v podstat\u011b generuje periodick\u00fd nebo neperiodick\u00fd elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l s definovan\u00fdmi parametry, jako je frekvence, amplituda, tvar vlny (sinus, obd\u00e9ln\u00edk, troj\u00faheln\u00edk, pilovit\u00fd) a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed impedance.  Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu gener\u00e1toru.  Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed gener\u00e1tory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed oscil\u00e1tor\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na RC nebo LC obvodech, zat\u00edmco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed gener\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mikro\u0159adi\u010de nebo specializovan\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody.<\/p>\n<h3>Gener\u00e1tor zalo\u017een\u00fd na 555 \u010dasova\u010di<\/h3>\n<p>Integrovan\u00fd obvod 555 je velmi univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fd, a proto se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro konstrukci jednoduch\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f sign\u00e1lu.  M\u016f\u017ee generovat obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed a pracovn\u00edm cyklem.  Frekvence se d\u00e1 snadno m\u011bnit pomoc\u00ed potenciometru, kter\u00fd nastavuje hodnotu \u010dasov\u00e9 konstanty RC obvodu.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Komponenty<\/th>\n<th>Hodnota<\/th>\n<th>Funkce<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>555 \u010dasova\u010d<\/td>\n<td>1 ks<\/td>\n<td>Generace obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kondenz\u00e1tor<\/td>\n<td>100nF &#8211; 1\u00b5F<\/td>\n<td>Nastaven\u00ed frekvence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rezistor (R1)<\/td>\n<td>1k\u03a9 &#8211; 10k\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>Nastaven\u00ed frekvence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rezistor (R2)<\/td>\n<td>1k\u03a9 &#8211; 10k\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>Nastaven\u00ed pracovn\u00edho cyklu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potenciometr<\/td>\n<td>10k\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>Prom\u011bnn\u00e1 regulace frekvence\/pracovn\u00edho cyklu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj<\/td>\n<td>5V &#8211; 15V<\/td>\n<td>Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed obvodu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Gener\u00e1tor zalo\u017een\u00fd na mikro\u0159adi\u010di<\/h3>\n<p>Mikro\u0159adi\u010de, jako je Arduino, nab\u00edzej\u00ed daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu a mo\u017enosti konfigurace.  Lze s nimi generovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary sign\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a stabilitou.  Software umo\u017e\u0148uje snadno m\u011bnit frekvenci, amplitudu a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry sign\u00e1lu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.  Pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed analogov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f je pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt digit\u00e1ln\u011b-analogov\u00fd p\u0159evodn\u00edk (DAC).<\/p>\n<h3>Gener\u00e1tor zalo\u017een\u00fd na specializovan\u00fdch IC<\/h3>\n<p>Pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed specifick\u00fdch typ\u016f sign\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad sinusov\u00fdch vln s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00fdm zkreslen\u00edm, se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody.  Tyto obvody \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed zabudovan\u00e9 oscil\u00e1tory a dal\u0161\u00ed funkce pro \u00fapravu sign\u00e1lu.  V aplikac\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly,  by mohly b\u00fdt relevantn\u00ed i komponenty od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic,  z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u0161ak na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch parametrech.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a kalibrace<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed gener\u00e1toru je nutn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b prov\u00e9st kalibraci.  K m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed frekvence a amplitudy lze pou\u017e\u00edt osciloskop a multimetr.  P\u0159esnost gener\u00e1toru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kvalit\u011b pou\u017eit\u00fdch komponent a pe\u010dlivosti p\u0159i jeho sestaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee konstrukce gener\u00e1toru sign\u00e1lu je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametrech a technick\u00fdch mo\u017enostech.  Od jednoduch\u00fdch obvod\u016f s 555 \u010dasova\u010dem a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s mikro\u0159adi\u010di a specializovan\u00fdmi IC, existuje mnoho mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak si vyrobit vlastn\u00ed gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu.  V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9 metody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na p\u0159esnost a funk\u010dnost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu je nepostradateln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v mnoha oblastech elektroniky, od v\u00fdvoje a testov\u00e1n\u00ed obvod\u016f a\u017e po vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a hobby projekty. Jeho konstrukce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednoduch\u00e1 i velmi komplexn\u00ed, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametrech v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k tvorb\u011b gener\u00e1toru sign\u00e1lu a na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 jsou pro jeho funk\u010dnost nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4852,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59993\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}