{"id":60003,"date":"2023-04-21T22:53:09","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T03:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-a-pressure-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:09:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:09:18","slug":"how-to-make-a-pressure-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-make-a-pressure-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdroba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de: Podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvorba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je komplexn\u00ed proces, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f a precizn\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 a elektronick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Existuje mnoho typ\u016f tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd s vlastn\u00edmi v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami, od jednoduch\u00fdch membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch senzor\u016f a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce a princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Volba m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho principu<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm krokem p\u0159i konstrukci tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je volba vhodn\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho principu. Mezi nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed deformaci tenk\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny pod vlivem tlaku. Deformace se pak m\u011b\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi metodami, nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed tenzometr\u016f, kapacitn\u00edch senzor\u016f nebo optick\u00fdch metod.  Jednoduch\u00e9 a relativn\u011b levn\u00e9, ale s omezenou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a \u017eivotnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoresistivn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zm\u011bny elektrick\u00e9ho odporu polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v z\u00e1vislosti na mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  Nab\u00edzej\u00ed dobrou citlivost a linearitu, jsou kompaktn\u00ed a relativn\u011b levn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  Vynikaj\u00ed vysokou citlivost\u00ed a rychlou odezvou, ale jsou citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy a teplotn\u00ed zm\u011bny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  M\u011b\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bnu kapacity kondenz\u00e1toru, jeho\u017e jedna elektroda je tvo\u0159ena deformovatelnou membr\u00e1nou.  Nab\u00edzej\u00ed dobrou linearitu a stabilitu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Citlivost<\/th>\n<th>Linearita<\/th>\n<th>Cena<\/th>\n<th>\u017divotnost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Membr\u00e1nov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoresistivn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Konstrukce sn\u00edmac\u00ed jednotky<\/p>\n<p>Konstrukce sn\u00edmac\u00ed jednotky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm principu.  U membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 volba materi\u00e1lu a tlou\u0161\u0165ky membr\u00e1ny, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b pevn\u00e1 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 citliv\u00e1 na zm\u011bny tlaku.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 t\u011bsnost a odolnost proti korozi.  U piezoelektrick\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je pot\u0159eba zajistit efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos tlaku na piezoelektrick\u00fd element.<\/p>\n<p>Elektronick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/p>\n<p>Sign\u00e1l ze sn\u00edma\u010de je zpravidla velmi slab\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed a \u00fapravu.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se zesilova\u010de s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161umem a vysokou vstupn\u00ed impedanc\u00ed.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 kompenzace teplotn\u00edch vliv\u016f a kalibrace.  Pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edky (ADC).<\/p>\n<p>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010d pe\u010dliv\u011b kalibrovat.  Kalibrace spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ur\u010den\u00ed vztahu mezi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem a skute\u010dnou hodnotou tlaku.  To se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm tlakem.  Pot\u00e9 se provede testov\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dnosti a p\u0159esnosti sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed a aplikace<\/p>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizace a l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a\u017e po automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a letectv\u00ed.  Volba konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho typu sn\u00edma\u010de z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadavc\u00edch na p\u0159esnost, rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u017eivotnost a cenu.<\/p>\n<p>Konstrukce tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 znalosti a vybaven\u00ed.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho principu a precizn\u00ed konstrukce jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti a spolehlivosti.  Spr\u00e1vn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd a vyroben\u00fd tlakov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tvorba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je komplexn\u00ed proces, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f a precizn\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 a elektronick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Existuje mnoho typ\u016f tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd s vlastn\u00edmi v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami, od jednoduch\u00fdch membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch senzor\u016f a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce a princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Volba m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho principu Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm krokem p\u0159i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60003"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60003\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}