V\u00fdroba biodieselu je st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9ma, a proto se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na to, jak si postavit vlastn\u00ed procesor na v\u00fdrobu biodieselu. Proces v\u00fdroby je sice relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd, ale vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a p\u0159esn\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek poslou\u017e\u00ed jako komplexn\u00ed n\u00e1vod pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed vyrobit vlastn\u00ed procesor, a\u0165 u\u017e pro osobn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu, nebo pro men\u0161\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Suroviny a jejich p\u0159\u00edprava<\/p>\n
K v\u00fdrob\u011b biodieselu pot\u0159ebujete p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rostlinn\u00fd olej (nap\u0159. \u0159epkov\u00fd, slune\u010dnicov\u00fd) a methanol. Kvalita oleje ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho biodieselu. Olej by m\u011bl b\u00fdt co nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed, bez ne\u010distot a vody. Methanol je vysoce toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka a s n\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 pracovat s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed opatrnost\u00ed, v dob\u0159e v\u011btran\u00e9m prostoru a s ochrann\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami (rukavice, br\u00fdle). Pom\u011br oleje a methanolu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9 metod\u011b transesterifikace, ale typicky se pohybuje kolem 10:1. P\u0159ed samotnou v\u00fdrobou je nutn\u00e9 olej filtrovat a zbavit ho v\u0161ech ne\u010distot.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdb\u011br a konstrukce reaktoru<\/p>\n
Reaktorem se rozum\u00ed n\u00e1doba, ve kter\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 samotn\u00e1 transesterifikace. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyroben z nerezov\u00e9 oceli nebo jin\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu odoln\u00e9ho v\u016f\u010di chemik\u00e1li\u00edm. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby reaktor byl hermeticky uzav\u00edrateln\u00fd, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u00faniku v\u00fdpar\u016f methanolu. D\u00e1le by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vybaven m\u00edchadly pro d\u016fkladn\u00e9 prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed surovin a teplom\u011brem pro kontrolu teploty. Velikost reaktoru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed biodieselu.<\/p>\n
Katalyz\u00e1tor a proces transesterifikace<\/p>\n
Jako katalyz\u00e1tor se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hydroxid sodn\u00fd (NaOH) nebo hydroxid draseln\u00fd (KOH). Jeho mno\u017estv\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro efektivitu procesu. P\u0159id\u00e1 se do methanolu a vznikne takzvan\u00e1 methanol\u00e1tov\u00e1 b\u00e1ze. Pot\u00e9 se p\u0159id\u00e1 rostlinn\u00fd olej a sm\u011bs se d\u016fkladn\u011b prom\u00edch\u00e1 a zah\u0159eje na optim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotu (kolem 60\u00b0C). Proces transesterifikace trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hodin a je nutn\u00e9 ho pe\u010dliv\u011b monitorovat.<\/p>\n
Odd\u011blen\u00ed glycerolu<\/p>\n
Po skon\u010den\u00ed transesterifikace je nutn\u00e9 odd\u011blit glycerol (vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt) od biodieselu. Glycerol se usad\u00ed na dn\u011b reaktoru a d\u00e1 se snadno odd\u011blit. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby glycerol nebyl zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn biodieselem, proto\u017ee by to sn\u00ed\u017eilo jeho kvalitu. Pro odd\u011blen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt sedimentace nebo odst\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a filtrace biodieselu<\/p>\n
Po odd\u011blen\u00ed glycerolu je biodiesel nutn\u00e9 vy\u010distit a filtrovat, aby se odstranily p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zbytky methanolu, glycerolu nebo jin\u00fdch ne\u010distot. Filtrace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es speci\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry, kter\u00e9 zachyt\u00ed v\u0161echny ne\u010distoty. Kvalita filtrace ovliv\u0148uje kone\u010dnou kvalitu biodieselu.<\/p>\n
Tabulka porovn\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f pro reaktor<\/p>\n
| Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n | V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n | Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n | Cena<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nerezov\u00e1 ocel<\/td>\n | Odolnost v\u016f\u010di korozi, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\n | Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena<\/td>\n | Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Polypropylen<\/td>\n | N\u00edzk\u00e1 cena, snadn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba<\/td>\n | Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di chemik\u00e1li\u00edm<\/td>\n | N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Sklo<\/td>\n | Dobr\u00e1 viditelnost procesu<\/td>\n | K\u0159ehk\u00e9, nevhodn\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objemy<\/td>\n | St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b biodieselu je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Methanol je vysoce toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka a s n\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 pracovat v dob\u0159e v\u011btran\u00e9m prostoru s ochrann\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se vyvarovat otev\u0159en\u00e9ho ohn\u011b a jisker. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je vhodn\u00e9 konzultovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed listy jednotliv\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdroba biodieselu je sice n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale provediteln\u00e1 i v dom\u00e1c\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd postup, pe\u010dliv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f jsou z\u00e1rukou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a kvalitn\u00edho biodieselu. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i mal\u00e1 odchylka od postupu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm v\u00fdroby v\u0161e d\u016fkladn\u011b prostudovat a pochopit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u00fdroba biodieselu je st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9ma, a proto se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na to, jak si postavit vlastn\u00ed procesor na v\u00fdrobu biodieselu. Proces v\u00fdroby je sice relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd, ale vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a p\u0159esn\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek poslou\u017e\u00ed jako komplexn\u00ed n\u00e1vod pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed vyrobit vlastn\u00ed procesor, a\u0165 u\u017e pro osobn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60149"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60149\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |