{"id":60566,"date":"2023-04-21T15:40:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T20:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-connect-piezo-sensor-to-arduino\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:07:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:07:42","slug":"how-to-connect-piezo-sensor-to-arduino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-connect-piezo-sensor-to-arduino\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezosn\u00edma\u010d a Arduino: Kompletn\u00ed n\u00e1vod k zapojen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou levn\u00e9 a snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed detekovat tlak, vibrace a zvuk. Jejich p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k Arduinu je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm projekt\u016fm. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m krok za krokem uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak na to.<\/p>\n

Typy piezo senzor\u016f a jejich vlastnosti<\/h3>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezo senzor\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm svou citlivost\u00ed a frekven\u010dn\u00edm rozsahem. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1me s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi sn\u00edma\u010di tlaku a piezoelektrick\u00fdmi mikrofony. Pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k Arduinu je v\u0161ak princip p\u0159ipojen\u00ed podobn\u00fd. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee piezo senzory jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e gener\u00e1tory sign\u00e1lu ne\u017e senzory s analogov\u00fdm v\u00fdstupem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee produkuj\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je pot\u0159eba zpracovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ senzoru<\/th>\nVlastnosti<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd mikrofon<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 citlivost na zvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/td>\nDetekce zvuku, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hlasitosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d tlaku<\/td>\nCitliv\u00fd na tlak a vibrace<\/td>\nDetekce n\u00e1raz\u016f, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed v dan\u00e9m sm\u011bru<\/td>\nDetekce ot\u0159es\u016f, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vibrac\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zapojen\u00ed piezo senzoru k Arduinu<\/h3>\n

Zapojen\u00ed je jednoduch\u00e9. Piezo senzor m\u00e1 typicky dva v\u00fdvody. Jeden je p\u0159ipojen k zemi (GND) Arduina, druh\u00fd k analogov\u00e9mu vstupu (A0 – A5). Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee v\u00fdstup z piezo senzoru je velmi slab\u00fd a \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed. Proto je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d, pokud pot\u0159ebujete vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost.<\/p>\n

\"Zapojen\u00ed\" (Obr\u00e1zek by zde zobrazoval zapojen\u00ed piezo senzoru k Arduinu)<\/em><\/p>\n

Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu v Arduinu<\/h3>\n

Sign\u00e1l z piezo senzoru je st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd, tak\u017ee pro jeho zobrazen\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu v Arduinu mus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 funkce. M\u016f\u017eeme m\u011b\u0159it amplitudu sign\u00e1lu, frekvenci, nebo integraci sign\u00e1lu. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00f3d pro \u010dten\u00ed hodnoty z analogov\u00e9ho vstupu vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n

int sensorPin = A0;\nint sensorValue = 0;\n\nvoid setup() {\n  Serial.begin(9600);\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);\n  Serial.println(sensorValue);\n  delay(10);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Tento k\u00f3d \u010dte hodnotu z analogov\u00e9ho pinu A0 a vypisuje ji na s\u00e9riovou konzolu.  Pro sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu (nap\u0159\u00edklad detekci n\u00e1raz\u016f) je pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed techniky zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad FFT (Fast Fourier Transform).<\/p>\n
Kalibrace a optimalizace<\/h3>\n
Kalibrace piezo senzoru je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  To se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdstupu senzoru s referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotou.  Optimalizace spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nastaven\u00ed parametr\u016f k\u00f3du pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 citlivosti a p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Experimentujte s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prahov\u00fdmi hodnotami pro detekci ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n
P\u0159ipojen\u00ed piezo senzoru k Arduinu je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu projekt\u016f.  Pochopen\u00ed principu funkce senzoru a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.  Nebojte se experimentovat a objevovat nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou levn\u00e9 a snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed detekovat tlak, vibrace a zvuk. Jejich p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k Arduinu je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm projekt\u016fm. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m krok za krokem uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak na to. Typy piezo senzor\u016f a jejich vlastnosti Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezo senzor\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm svou citlivost\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60566"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60566\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}