{"id":60891,"date":"2023-04-21T15:06:21","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T20:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-much-voltage-does-a-piezoelectric-sensor-generate\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:46","slug":"how-much-voltage-does-a-piezoelectric-sensor-generate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-much-voltage-does-a-piezoelectric-sensor-generate\/","title":{"rendered":"Nap\u011bt\u00ed z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho \u010didla: kolik?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed mechanickou energii (tlak, vibrace) na energii elektrickou.  Mnoho lid\u00ed se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o ot\u00e1zku, kolik nap\u011bt\u00ed tyto senzory vlastn\u011b generuj\u00ed.  Odpov\u011b\u010f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se pokus\u00ed objasnit tuto problematiku a poskytnout hlub\u0161\u00ed vhled do generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Faktor ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru je ovlivn\u011bno mnoha faktory.  Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Velikost a tvar senzoru:<\/strong>  V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed senzory s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plochou obvykle generuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Tvar senzoru tak\u00e9 hraje roli, nebo\u0165 ovliv\u0148uje rozlo\u017een\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00fd materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> R\u016fzn\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. k\u0159emen, keramika, PZT) vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 koeficienty, co\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje generovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00edla mechanick\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed:<\/strong>  Intenzita aplikovan\u00e9 s\u00edly (tlaku nebo vibrace) je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 v\u00fdstupn\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frekvence mechanick\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed:<\/strong>  U dynamick\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (vibrace) hraje roli frekvence.  Senzor bude m\u00edt maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odezvu na ur\u010dit\u00e9 rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teplota:<\/strong>  Teplota m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu a t\u00edm i v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Typick\u00e9 hodnoty generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 uv\u00e9st p\u0159esn\u00e9 hodnoty generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, jeliko\u017e se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch faktorech.  Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jako orienta\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rozsahy:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ senzoru<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (mV)<\/th>\n<th>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mal\u00e9 senzory pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku<\/td>\n<td>1-100<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tlaku a materi\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 senzory pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>10-500<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na amplitud\u011b a frekvenci vibrac\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Velk\u00e9 senzory pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>100-10000+<\/td>\n<td>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad v zapalovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Vliv impedance<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je impedance m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.  Vysok\u00e1 impedance m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed minimalizuje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed senzoru a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Naproti tomu n\u00edzk\u00e1 impedance m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace a p\u0159\u00edklady<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (senzory tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch), medic\u00edn\u011b (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), a v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci (detekce vibrac\u00ed).  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzorech (kde je nutn\u00e9 generovat vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed pro aktivaci piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku), se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zesilova\u010de pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 senzory od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed optimalizovan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a konstrukce pro dosa\u017een\u00ed co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivosti a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bny mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho senzoru je vysoce variabiln\u00ed a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech.  Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v \u00favahu specifikace konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho senzoru a podm\u00ednky jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed.  Tabulky a p\u0159\u00edklady uveden\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k orientaci a poskytuj\u00ed obecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled o t\u00e9to problematice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed mechanickou energii (tlak, vibrace) na energii elektrickou. Mnoho lid\u00ed se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o ot\u00e1zku, kolik nap\u011bt\u00ed tyto senzory vlastn\u011b generuj\u00ed. Odpov\u011b\u010f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se pokus\u00ed objasnit tuto problematiku a poskytnout hlub\u0161\u00ed vhled do generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Faktor ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed V\u00fdstupn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60891"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60891\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}