{"id":61071,"date":"2023-04-21T14:40:20","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-piezoelectric-sensor-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:16","slug":"how-does-piezoelectric-sensor-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-piezoelectric-sensor-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory: princip a funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento princip, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curie, m\u00e1 dnes \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto senzor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn nebo keramika (nap\u0159. PZT – olovo-zirkonitan-titani\u010dit\u00fd), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku, tahu, ohybu, st\u0159ihu). Tento efekt je reverzibiln\u00ed; aplikac\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole na piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l se naopak m\u011bn\u00ed jeho rozm\u011bry. V senzorech se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 prvn\u00ed princip \u2013 generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v odezv\u011b na mechanick\u00fd stimul. Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f a jejich konstrukce<\/h3>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed svou konstrukc\u00ed a aplikac\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konstrukce se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a elektrod, kter\u00e9 sb\u00edraj\u00ed generovan\u00fd n\u00e1boj. N\u011bkter\u00e9 senzory jsou navr\u017eeny pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, jin\u00e9 pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed, vibrac\u00ed nebo s\u00edly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ senzoru<\/th>\nPrincip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Senzor tlaku<\/td>\nDeformace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku tlakem<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, hydraulice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akcelerometr<\/td>\nZrychlen\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje deformaci prvku<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, n\u00e1raz\u016f, ot\u0159es\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Senzor s\u00edly<\/td>\nDeformace piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku silou<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly v lisovac\u00edch stroj\u00edch, v\u00e1h\u00e1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor<\/td>\nGenerov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekce ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, detekce objekt\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n

Sign\u00e1l generovan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fdm senzorem je obvykle velmi slab\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed obvody, kter\u00e9 zesiluj\u00ed sign\u00e1l a potla\u010duj\u00ed \u0161um. Zpracovan\u00fd sign\u00e1l pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro zobrazen\u00ed, z\u00e1znam nebo \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem je i kalibrace senzoru, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (senzory tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, airbagy), v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci (senzory vibrac\u00ed a s\u00edly) a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech. V\u00fdhodou t\u011bchto senzor\u016f je jejich vysok\u00e1 citlivost, rychl\u00e1 odezva a kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00ed techniky. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech a jejich v\u00fdvoj neust\u00e1le pokra\u010duje. Zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu vede k st\u00e1le p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm senzor\u016fm s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento princip, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Pierrem a Jacquesem Curie, m\u00e1 dnes \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto senzor\u016f. Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61071\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}